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TiO2 Nanotube Arrays pp 1–66Cite as

Fabrication of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Electrochemical Anodization: Four Synthesis Generations

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Abstract

One-dimensional (1-D) nanowire and nanotube systems with high surface-to-volume ratios have been found to possess significant, useful, and unique properties. The synthesis of highly ordered 1-D materials using localized chemical dissolution with controlled, field-assisted oxidation and dissolution reactions is particularly noteworthy for it permits achievement of a precisely ordered, nanoscale self-assembly. Comparative studies show that ordered arrays of TiO2 outperform colloidal TiO2 for photocatalytic applications [1–5], sensing [6–9], photoelectrolysis [10–16], polymer-based bulk heterojunction photovoltaics [17–19], dye-sensitized solar cells [20–26], biofluids filtration, drug delivery and other biomedical applications [27–30]. Initial investigations indicate that they also may be useful for energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors; these applications of TiO2 nanotube arrays are among those discussed in the subsequent chapters.

TiO2 nanotubes and arrays thereof have been produced by a number of methods. These include: using a template of nanoporous alumina [31–34], sol-gel transcription processes using organo-gelator templates [35, 36], seeded growth mechanisms [37], and hydrothermal techniques [38–40]. None of these methods, however, offer superior control over the nanotube dimensions than does the anodization of titanium in a fluoride-based electrolyte [41–48].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Craig A. Grimes

  2. Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Gopal K. Mor

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Grimes, C.A., Mor, G.K. (2009). Fabrication of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Electrochemical Anodization: Four Synthesis Generations. In: TiO2 Nanotube Arrays. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0068-5_1

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