Global Environmental Changes in South Asia pp 125-170 | Cite as
Land Transformation and Its Consequences in South Asia
Chapter
- 2 Citations
- 669 Downloads
Abstract
Concerns about global and regional land use/cover change arose from the realization that land transformation influences climate change and reduces biotic diversity; hence the interest in deforestation, desertification, and other changes in natural vegetation. The more recent focus on issues related to ecosystem goods and services, sustainability, and vulnerability has led to a greater emphasis on the dynamic coupling between human societies and their ecosystems at a local scale.
Keywords
Land Cover Forest Cover Land Degradation Grazing Land Crop Land
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Reference
- Adeel Z, Pomeroy R. Assessment and management of mangrove ecosystems in developing countries. Trees. 2002;16(2–3):235–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Agarwal, C., Glen, M.G., Morgan, J.G., Tom, P.E. and Charles, M.S., 2002. A Review and Assessment of Land-Use Change Models: Dynamics of Space, Time, and Human Choice. CIPEC Collaborative Report No. 1. USFS Publication GTRNE-297. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Research Station, USA.Google Scholar
- Ahmed, A., Rajan, K.S. and Shibasaki, R., 2001. Modeling agricultural land use change in Bangladesh: Farmer as an agent of change. Paper presented at the 22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, 5-9, November, Singapore.Google Scholar
- Alcamo, J., 1994. IMAGE 2.0: Integrated Modeling of Global Climate Change. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
- Amacher GS, Hyde WF, Kanel KR. Household fuelwood demand and supply in Nepal’s Terai and Mid-hills: Choice between cash outlays and labor opportunity. World Development. 1996;24:1725–1736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Barbier EB. The economics of tropical deforestation and land use: An introduction to the special issue. Land Economics. 2001;77(2):155–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Baskota, K. and Sharma, B., 1995. Economic and natural resource conditions in the districts of Bagmati zone and their implications for the environment: an adaptive simulation model. MEI. ICIMOD, Nepal. Series No. 95/9.Google Scholar
- Biksham G, Stich AF. What price prawn? Environment, Washington: Shrimp aquaculture’s impact in Asia; 1996.Google Scholar
- Bluffstone RA. The effect of labor market performance on deforestation in developing countries under open access: An example from rural Nepal. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 1995;29:42–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bose, Vasudeva Gupta and Sinha, 1997. Teri Report No. 97/ED/52.Google Scholar
- Bouwman, A.F., 1995. Compilation of a Global Inventory of Emissions of Nitrous Oxide. Ph.D. Thesis. Agricultural University, Wageningen.Google Scholar
- Briassoulis, H., 2000. Analysis of Land Use Change: Theoretical and Modeling Approaches, http://www.rri.wvu.edu/WebBook/Briassoulis/contents.htm.Google Scholar
- Brown K, Pearce DW. The Causes of Tropical Deforestation: The Economic and Statistical Analysis of Factors Giving Rise to the Loss of the Tropical Forests. London: University College London Press; 1994.Google Scholar
- CDIAC, 2001. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/epubs/ndp/ndp050/ndp050.html.Google Scholar
- Chomitz KM, Gray DA. Roads, land use, and deforestation: A spatial model applied to Belize. World Bank Econ. Rev.. 1996;10(3):487–512.Google Scholar
- CLUE. A spatially explicit model for the analysis of Land Use Change and its Effects. Department of Environmental Sciences: Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; 2006.Google Scholar
- Das DC. Soil conservation practices and erosion control in India – A case study. FAO Soils Bulletin. 1977;33:11–50.Google Scholar
- de Bie, C.A.J.M. 2000. Comparative performance analysis of agro-systems. ITC dissertation no. 75, 232p; Available at http://www.itc.nl/education/larus/landuse/Google Scholar
- Deichmann, U., Balk, D. and Yetman, G., 2001. Transforming population data for interdisciplinary usages: From census to grid. Work. Pap., Cent. Int. Earth Sci. Inf. Netw., Columbia Univ.Google Scholar
- Doos BR. Population growth and loss of arable land. Glob. Environ. Change: Hum. Policy Dimens.. 2002;12(4):303–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Edwards, Peter, 2000. Aquaculture, poverty impacts and livelihoods, ODI Natural Resource Perspectives, Number 56, June 2000, http://www.odi.org.uk/nrp/56.html.Google Scholar
- Lepers E, Lambin EF, Janetos AC, Defries R, Achard F, Ramankutty N, Scholes RJ. A Synthesis of Information on Rapid Land-cover Change for the Period 1981-2000. BioScience. 2005;55(2):115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- FAO, 1996. Global climate change and agricultural production. Direct and indirect effects of changing hydrological, pedological and plant physiological processes. FAO, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/docrep/W5183E/w5183e00.HTMGoogle Scholar
- FAO. State of the world’s forests. Italy: Rome; 1999.Google Scholar
- FAO, 2000. ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/agll/docs/landglos.pdf.Google Scholar
- FAO, 2001. Global forest resources assessment 2000 (FRA 2000): main report, FAO For. Pap. 140, FAO, Rome.Google Scholar
- FAO, 2003. State of forestry in Asia and the Pacific – 2003: Status, changes and trends, Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission, Rap Publication 2003/22.Google Scholar
- FAO/UNEP, 1999. Terminology for integrated resources planning and management. FAO, 2000. Land cover classification system (LCCS), 179 p.Google Scholar
- Fisher MJ, Rao IM, Ayarza MA, Lascano CE, Sanz JI, Thomas RJ, Vera RR. Carbon storage by introduced deep-rooted grasses in the South American savannas. Nature. 1994;371:236–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2006. FAOSTAT Online Statistical Service. Rome: FAO. Available online at: http://faostat.fao.org.Google Scholar
- Gautam AP, Webb EL, Shivakoti GP, Zoebisch MA. Land use dynamics and landscape change pattern in a mountain watershed in Nepal. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2003;99:83–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Goldewijk KK, Ramankutty N. Land cover change over the last three centuries due to human activities: Assessing the differences between two new global data sets. GeoJournal. 2004;61:335–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Goldewijk KK. Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: The HYDE database. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles. 2001;15(2):417–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gr¨ubler, A.,. Technology. In: Meyer WB, Turner BL, editors. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press; 1994. p. 287–328.Google Scholar
- Hinrichsen D. Our common seas: Coasts in crisis. London: Earthscan Publications; 1990.Google Scholar
- Hossain Md Shahadat. Biological aspects of the coastal and marine environment of Bangladesh. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2001;44:261–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Houghton, R.A. and Hackler, J.L., 2001. Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use Changes: 1850 to 1990. ORNL/CDIAC-131, NDP-050/R1.Google Scholar
- Humphries S. Milk cows, migrants, and land markets: Unravelling the complexities of forest to pasture conversion in Northern Honduras. Econ. Dev. Cult. Change. 1998;47(1):95–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- INSA, CAS, USNAS, 2001. Indian National Science Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences and US National Academy of Sciences. (Expert Panel: Wolman, M.G., George, P.S., Kulkarni, S., Vashishtha, P.S., Shidong, Z., Qiguo, Z., Yi, Z., Long J.F., Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W.D.) Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes: Studies from India, China, and the United States. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. 324 pp.Google Scholar
- IPCC, 2000. Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry. A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, http://www.gcrio.org/OnLnDoc/pdf/lulucf_spm.pdf.Google Scholar
- Kagatsume, M. and Kitamura, T., 1999. A Model for Land Use/Cover Change – the Kitamura & Kagatsume Model. In: Land Use for Global Environmental Conservation (LU/GEC) – Final Report of the LU/GEC First Phase (1995-1997) ed. K. Otsubo, pp.1-13, CGER.Google Scholar
- Kaimowitz D, Angelsen A. Economic Models of Tropical Deforestation: A Review. Jakarta, Indonesia: Centre for International Forestry Research; 1998.Google Scholar
- Kauppi P, Mielikäinen K, Kuusela K. Biomass and carbon budget of European forests, 1971 to 1990. Science. 1992;256:70–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kohlin G, Parks PJ. Spatial variability and disincentives to harvest: deforestation and fuelwood collection in South Asia. Land Economics. 2001;27:206–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lambin, E.F., Turner II, B.L., Geist, H.J., Agbola, S., Angelsen, A., Bruce, J.W., Coomes, O., Dirzo, R., Fischer, G., Folke, C., George, P.S., Homewood, K., Imbernon, J., Leemans, R., Li, X., Moran, E.F., Mortimore, M., Ramakrishnan, P.S., Richards, J.F., Skånes, H., Steffen, W., Stone, G.D., Svedin, U., Veldkamp, T., Vogel, C., Xu, J., 2001. The Causes of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: Moving Beyond the Myths. Global Environmental Change, 2001/4.Google Scholar
- Lambin, E.F., Baulies, X., Bockstael, N., Fischer, G. and Krug, T., 1999. Land-use and land-cover change (LUCC): Implementation strategy. IGBP Rep. 48, IHDP Rep. 10, Int. Geosph.-Biosph. Program., Int. Hum. Dimens. Glob. Environ. Change Program., Stockholm/Bonn.Google Scholar
- Lambin, E.F., 1994. Modelling deforestation processes. Trees Series B: Research Report No. 1. Brussels, Luxembourg: ECSCEC-EAEC.Google Scholar
- Lambin EF, Geist HJ, Lepers E. Dynamics of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change. In: Tropical Regions. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.. 2003;28:205–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Leemans R, Lambin EF, McCalla A, Nelson J, Pingali P, Watson B. Drivers of change in ecosystems and their services. In: Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: A Framework for Assessment,, editor. Mooney, H., Cropper, A. and Reid, W. Washington, DC.: Island Press; 2003.Google Scholar
- Leemans, R., 1996. Incorporating land-use change in Earth system models illustrated by IMAGE 2. In: Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems. B. Walker and W. Steffen (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (in press).Google Scholar
- Meyer WB, Turner II BL. Human population growth and global land use/land cover change. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.. 1992;23:39–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- MoEF, 1999. National Forestry Action Programme. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Vol. I, pp. 79.Google Scholar
- Mukherjee BK, Das DC, Singh S, Prasad CS, Samuel JC. Statistics: soil and water conservation – watershed management, land resources and land reclamation. New Delhi. p: Soil and Water Conservation Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, GoI; 1985. 21.Google Scholar
- OECD. Guidelines for aid agencies for improved conservation and sustainable use of tropical and subtropical wetlands. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 1996.Google Scholar
- Ostrom, E., 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. 280 pp.Google Scholar
- Puigdef´abregas, J. Ecological impacts of global change on drylands and their implications for desertification. Land Degrad. Dev.. 1998;9(5):393–406.Google Scholar
- Rai SC, Sharma P. Carbon flux and land-use/cover change in a Himalayan watershed. Current Science. 2004;86(12):1594–1596.Google Scholar
- Ramankutty N, Foley JA. Estimating historical changes in global land cover: croplands from 1700 to 1992. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles. 1999;13(4):997–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ramankutty N, Foley JA, Olejniczak NJ. People on the Land: Changes in global population and croplands during the 20th century. Ambio. 2002;31(3):251–257.Google Scholar
- Richards P. Land transformation. In: Earth T, as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years., editors. B.L. Turner, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J.F. Richards, J. Mathews and W.B. Meyer, 163-78. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ.: Press; 1990.Google Scholar
- Robinson, J., 1994. Land-Use and Land-Cover Projections: Report of working group C. In: Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A global perspective. (eds.) W. Meyer and B.L. Turner II. Cambridge University Press, pp. 73-92.Google Scholar
- SACEP, 2001. State of the Environment – South Asia 2001. http://www.sacep.org/default.htm.Google Scholar
- SAGE, 1999. http://www.sage.wisc.edu:16080/iamdata/datasets.php.Google Scholar
- Sah, B.P., 1996. Watershed degradation and its socio-economic impacts using RS and GIS: A case study of Trijuga watershed, Nepal. Dissertation (M.Sc.) NR 96-20. AIT, Bangkok, Thailand.Google Scholar
- Sahay, K.B., 2000. Problem of livestock population. Delhi: The Tribune, 11 April 2000.Google Scholar
- Sankhayan PL, Gurung N, Sitaula BK, Hofstad O. Bioeconomic modelling of and use and forest degradation at watershed level in Nepal. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2003;94:105–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Scott, D.A. and Poole, C.M., 1989. A status overview of Asian wetlands. No. 53. Asian Wetland Bureau, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Google Scholar
- Sehgal J, Abrol IP. Soil degradation in India: Status and impact. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH; 1994. p. 80.Google Scholar
- SFR. The State of Forest Report. MoEF, Dehradun: Forest Survey of India; 1987.Google Scholar
- Shajaat Ali AM. Rice to shrimp: Land use/land cover changes and soil degradation in Southwestern Bangladesh. Land Use Policy. 2006;23:421–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Skole D, Tucker C. Tropical deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon: Satellite data from 1978 to 1988. Science. 1993;260:1905–1910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- State of the Environment – South Asia, 2001. http://www.sacep.org/default.htm.Google Scholar
- Thapa GB, Weber KE. Status and management of Watersheds in the upper Pokhara valley, Nepal. Environmental Management. 1995;19:497–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Thenkabail PS, Schull M, Turral H. Ganges and Indus river basin land use/land cover (LULC) and irrigated area mapping using continuous streams of MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2005;95:317–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tilman D. Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1999;96(11):5995–6000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tiwari PC. Land-use changes in Himalaya and their impact on the plains ecosystem: Need for sustainable land use. Land Use Policy. 2000;17:101–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Turner BL. Toward integrated land-change science: Advances in 1.5 decades of sustained international research on land-use and land cover change. In: Steffen W, Jäger J, Carson DJ, Bradhsaw C, editors. Challenges of a Changing Earth. Berlin: Springer; 2002. p. 21–26.Google Scholar
- U.N., 2002. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision (ESA/P/WP.173) New York: UN Publication. 328pp. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/ wup2001/Google Scholar
- Upadhyay KP. Shifting Cultivation in Bhutan: A Gradual Approach to Modifying Land Use Patterns. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 1995.Google Scholar
- Upadhyay TP, Solberg B, Sankhayan PL. Use of models to analyse land-use changes, forest/soil degradation and carbon sequestration with special reference to Himalayan region: A review and analysis. Forest Policy and Economics. 2006;9:349–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Veldkamp, T. and Lambin, E.F., 2001. Predicting land-use change. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. Special issue.Google Scholar
- Veldkamp A, Lambin EF. Predicting land-use change: editorial. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2001b;85:1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Victor DG, Ausubel JH. Restoring the forests. Foreign Aff.. 2000;79(6):127–144.Google Scholar
- World Bank, 2000. World Development Indicators Report. The World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org.Google Scholar
- WRI, 2000. Regional Reefs at Risk: South East Asia. http://www.wri.org/marine/Google Scholar
- Yeung Y. Coastal Megacities in Asia: Transformation, sustainability and management. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2001;44:319–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Young A. Is thxere really spare land? A critique of estimates of available cultivable land in developing countries. Environ. Dev. Sustain.. 1999;1:3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Capital Publishing Company 2010