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Aerosol Concentrations and Remote Sources of Airborne Elements Over Pico Mountain, Azores, Portugal

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Abstract

Aerosol samples (PM10) were collected using an aethalometer from 15 July 2001 to 18 April 2004 at the PICO-NARE site in Pico island, Azores, Portugal. The aethalometer is at an altitude of 2225 m AMSL, and sampled for 24 h in most cases, and for a few periods continuously. Samples were assessed through instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0-variant), and concentrations of up to 15 airborne elements were determined. Concentrations are in the order of magnitude of a moderately polluted urban-industrial site. Elements are predominantly entrained by air masses from North-Central America, and to a lesser extent from Europe and North Africa. PCA and PMF assigned sources related to pollution (traffic, fossil-fuel combustion, mining, industrial processing) and to natural occurrences (crustal, Saharan episodes, marine). Although data uncertainties are relatively high due to the small masses collected in the filters and impurities in them, PMF – which includes the uncertainty – did not prove better than PCA when missing data are replaced by arithmetic means of the determined values for each element.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reactor-ITN, Technological and Nuclear Institute, E.N. 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal

    Maria doCarmo Freitas

  2. CERENA-IST, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal

    Adriano M.G. Pacheco

  3. Technological and Nuclear Institute, E.N. 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal

    Isabel Dionísio

  4. Reactor-ITN, Technological and Nuclear Institute, E.N. 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal

    Bruno J. Vieira

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  1. Maria doCarmo Freitas
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  2. Adriano M.G. Pacheco
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  3. Isabel Dionísio
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  4. Bruno J. Vieira
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Correspondence to Maria doCarmo Freitas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro Bug-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea

    Young J. Kim

  2. Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

    Ulrich Platt

  3. College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea

    Man Bock Gu

  4. Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Midorigaoka, 1-8-31, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan

    Hitoshi Iwahashi

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Freitas, M.d., Pacheco, A.M., Dionísio, I., Vieira, B.J. (2009). Aerosol Concentrations and Remote Sources of Airborne Elements Over Pico Mountain, Azores, Portugal. In: Kim, Y.J., Platt, U., Gu, M.B., Iwahashi, H. (eds) Atmospheric and Biological Environmental Monitoring. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9674-7_9

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