Abstract
To cause rice blast disease, Magnaporthe oryzae sequentially invades living plant cells using intracellular invasive hyphae (IH) that grow from cell to cell. However, detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying biotrophic invasion are poorly understood. We used live-cell microscopy and fluorescent molecular probes to visualize biotrophic invasion of rice sheath epidermal cells, and demonstrated that IH are sealed in a plant-derived Extra-Invasive-Hyphal Membrane (EIHM) as they grow in first-invaded rice cells and then spread into neighboring cells. The fungus appears to manipulate plasmodesmata for its cell-to-cell movement, based in part on searching behavior of IH before crossing the plant cell wall and on extreme constriction of IH as they cross. Studies of transformed fungal strains that secrete avirulence effector:green fluorescent protein fusions in rice sheath cells led to discovery of a novel pathogen-induced structure, the Biotrophic Interfacial Complex (BIC), that appears to play a role in effector secretion. Optimization of the sheath assay for molecular analysis allowed us to analyze infected rice tissue in which 20% of the RNA came from IH growing in first-invaded cells. This allowed identification of novel candidate effectors by microarray analysis. Next comes understanding dual roles for blast effectors in promoting disease or, in the case of avirulence effectors recognized by rice resistance gene products, in blocking disease.
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Kankanala, P., Mosquera, G., Khang, C.H., Valdovinos-Ponce, G., Valent, B. (2009). Cellular and Molecular Analyses of Biotrophic Invasion in Rice Blast Disease. In: Wang, GL., Valent, B. (eds) Advances in Genetics, Genomics and Control of Rice Blast Disease. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9500-9_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9500-9_9
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