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The Theory of Laser Materials Processing pp 71–93Cite as

Keyhole Welding: The Solid and Liquid Phases

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 119))

Abstract

Deep penetration laser welding relies on the evaporation of material by a high power laser beam in order to drill a vapour capillary, usually referred to as a keyhole. During continuous welding the keyhole is kept open by the pressure in the vapour which evaporates continuously from its wall; the pressure acts continuously against the surface tension pressure that favours contraction. In contrast to pulsed wave (pw-) laser welding, during continuous wave (cw-) laser welding quasi-steady state conditions of the accompanying temperature field, and thus of the shape of the keyhole and melt pool, are established. Nevertheless, in the keyhole and melt pool complex fluid mechanical mechanisms take place. The most important thermodynamic and melt flow phenomena in keyhole laser welding will be briefly discussed. For some of them mathematical models and calculation results will be presented, complementing a comprehensive survey that was published earlier [1].

Notation employed in this chapter is given in Table 3.1.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-97 187, Sweden

    Alexander Kaplan

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  1. Alexander Kaplan
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdon

    John Dowden

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Kaplan, A. (2009). Keyhole Welding: The Solid and Liquid Phases. In: Dowden, J. (eds) The Theory of Laser Materials Processing. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 119. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9340-1_3

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