Studies in adult animals as well as in humans have demonstrated beneficial effects of increased intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) on lipid metabolism, obesity, and insulin sensitivity. The lipid composition of breast milk, and in particular, the role of n-3 LCPUFA in imprinting of metabolism and its hormonal control need clarification as far as the long-term beneficial effects of breastfeeding on health are concerned. In this respect, animal studies have brought inconclusive results. However, the involvement of adipose tissue-muscle interactions in the short term effects of n-3 LCPUFA during perinatal development, as well as the lasting effects of n-3 LCPUFA intake, are likely to occur and should be further investigated.
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Janovska, P., Kopecky, J. (2009). Adipose Tissue–Muscle Interactions and the Metabolic Effects of n-3 LCPUFA – Implications for Programming Effects of Early Diet . In: Koletzko, B., Decsi, T., Molnár, D., de la Hunty, A. (eds) Early Nutrition Programming and Health Outcomes in Later Life. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 646. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9173-5_17
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