The Emergence of ‘Farming Systems’ Approaches to Grains Research, Development and Extension

Abstract

A systems approach is needed to understand and manage a ‘farm’. Research, development and extension (RDE) professionals should therefore understand ‘systems approaches’ to ensure their work is relevant and supports farm managers to adapt to change. Participatory systems approaches, such as Farming Systems RDE, have been used in developing countries but are now emerging in developed economies, including Australia. These modern approaches place farmers and their advisers within the boundaries of the farming system and represent an increasing proportion of national RDE funding, despite a scarcity of data to support their effectiveness in developed economies. Evaluations are now providing evidence of the impact of systems projects and their ability to address issues that have eluded traditional Transfer-of-Technology approaches. However, these evaluations conclude that systems approaches are not simple blueprints for success and must be developed to meet local conditions. Practitioners must first understand the underlying concepts of systems, diversity, participation and learning. Ultimately, scientists and farmers must learn to participate together at high enough levels to learn from each other and so fully utilise their diversity of expertise and resources.