Summary
The magnetosphere is the region of space to which the Earth’s magnetic field is confined by the solar wind plasma which is continuously being blown outward from the Sun. The magnetosphere of the Earth extends to distances in excess of 60,000 kilometers on the Sunward side and to about million kilometers from Earth on the anti-sunward side, respectively. Much has been learned about this dynamic plasma region over the past 40 years from the direct measurements by various spacecrafts. This review first gives a brief introduction to this dynamic region of Earth’s near space environment and then discusses important characteristics of magnetospheric substorms and storms, and their role in controlling the space weather processes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J. K. Hargreaves: The Solar-Terrestrial Environment, (Cambridge University Press, 1992)
M. G. Kivelson, and C. T. Russell (eds.): Introduction to Space Physics (Cambridge University Press, 1995)
Dungey, J. W.: Physical Review Letters 6, 47 (1961)
D. G. Sibeck, R. E. Lopez, and E. C. Roelof: J. Geophys. Res. 96, 5489 (1991)
G. Haerendel and G. Paschmann: Interaction of the solar wind with the dayside magnetosphere. In: Magnetospheric Plasma Physics, ed by A. Nishida (Cent. for Acad. Publ. Japan, Tokyo, 1982)
W. D. Gonzalez, J. A. Joselyn, Y. Kamide, H. W. Kroehl, G. Rostoker, B. T. Tsurutani, V. W. Vasyliunas: Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 5771 (1994)
B. T. Tsurutani and R. M. Thorne: Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 1247 (1982)
R. Gendrin: Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 769 (1983)
B. T. Tsurutani, and W. D. Gonzalez: The interplanetary causes of magnetic storms; a review. In: Magnetic Storms, Ed by B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, Y. Kamide, and J. K. Arballo, Geophysical Monograph Series, 98 (AGU, Washington D.C., 1997) pp 77-90.
W. I. Axford and C. O. Hines: Can. J. Phys., 39, 1433 (1961)
A. Eviatar and R. A. Wolf: J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5561 (1968)
Tsurutani, B. T., and W. D. Gonzalez: Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 663 (1995)
S. I. Akasofu, C. I. Meng, and D. S. Kimball: J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 28, 505 (1966)
J. R. Kan, T. A. Potembra, S. Kokubun and T. Iijima: Magnetospheric Substorms. In: Geophysical Monograph 64, (American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C., 1991).
G. S. Lakhina: Some theoretical concepts of magnetospheric substorms. In: Geomagnetic Studies at Low Latitudes, Memoirs of Geological Society of India, No. 24, ed by G. K. Rangarajan and B. R. Arora (Geological Society of India, Bangalore, India, 1992) pp 307-355
L. F. Bargatze, D. N. Baker, R. L. McPherron, and E. W. Hones, Jr.: J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6387 (1985).
D. N. Baker: Driven and Unloading aspects of magnetospheric substorms. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Substorms (ICS-1), Kiruna, Sweden, 23-27 March, ESA SP-335 (1992) pp 185-191.
Clauer, C. R.: The technique of linear prediction filters applied to studies of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. In: Solar Wind- Magnetosphere Coupling, ed by Y. Kamide and J. A. Slavin (Terra Sci. Pub. Co., Tokyo, 1986) p. 39
E.W. Hones Jr.: Space Sci. Revs. 23, 393 (1979)
S. I. Akasofu: Magnetospheric substorms: a model. In Solar Terrestrial Physics, Part III, ed by E. R. Dryer (D. Reidel, Norwood, Mass., 1972) p. 131
R. L. McPherron, C. T. Russell and M. D. Aubry: J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3131 (1973)
A. T. Y. Lui et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 96, 11389 (1991)
A. T. Y. Lui, R. E. Lopez, B. J. Anderson, K. Takahashi, L .J. Zanetti, R. W. McEntire, T. A. Potemra, D. M. Klumpar, E. M. Greene, and R. Strangeway: J. Geophys. Res. 97, 1461 (1992)
A. T. Y. Lui: Terres. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. (TAO) 14, 221 (2003)
G. Rostoker Physics of magnetic storms. In: Magnetic Storms, ed by B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, Y. Kamide, and J. K. Arballo, (Geophysical Monograph 98, AGU, Washington D C, 1997) p. 149
L. W. Klein and L. F. Burlaga: J. Geophys. Res. 87, 613 (1982)
W. D. Gonzalez, B. T. Tsurutani, A. L. C. Gonzalez, E. J. Smith, F. Tang, and S.-I. Akasofu: J. Geophys. Res. 94, 8835 (1989)
Y. Kamide, N. Yokoyama, W. D. Gonzalez, B. T. Tsurutani, I. A. Daglis, A. Brakke, S. Masuda: Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 6917 (1998)
B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, G. S. Lakhina, and S. Alex: J. Geophys. Res. 108, A7, 1268, doi:10.1029/2002JA009504 (2003a)
J. R. Taylor, M. Lester and T. K. Yeoman: Ann. Geophys. 12, 612 (1994)
N. Yokoyama and Y. Kamide: J. Geophys. Res. 102, A7, 14215 (1997)
B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, A. L. C. Gonzalez, F. L. Guarnieri, N. Gopalswamy, M. Grande, Y. Kamide, Y. Kasahara, G. Lu, I.M.R. McPherron, F. Soraas, and V. Vasyliunas: J. Geophys. Res. 111, A07S01, doi:10.1029/2005JA011273 (2006)
G. Vichare, S. Alex and G. S. Lakhina: J. Geophys. Res. 110, A03204, doi:10.1029/2004JA010418 (2005)
S. Alex, S. Mukherjee and G. S. Lakhina: J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 68, 769 (2006)
R. Rawat, S. Alex, G. S. Lakhina: Ann. Geophys. 24, 3569 (2006)
R. Rawat, S. Alex, G.S. Lakhina: Bull. Astron. Soc. India, in press (2007)
A.S. Sharma, Y. Kamide and G.S. Lakhina (eds): Disturbances in Geospace: The Storm-Substorm Relationship, Geophysical Monograph Series, 142, (AGU, Washington D.C., 2003)
G. S. Lakhina, S. Alex, S. Mukherjee, and G. Vichare: On Magnetospheric Storms and Substorms. In: The Solar Influence on the Heliosphere and Earth’s Environment: Recent Progress and Prospects, Ed by N. Gopalswamy and A. Bhattacharyya (Quest Publications, Mumbai, 2006) pp. 320-327
Akasofu, S. I., and S. Chapman: J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1321 (1961)
C. E. McIlwain: Substorm injection boundaries. In: Magnetospheric Physics, ed. by B. M. McCormac (D. Reidel, Hingham, Mass, 1974) p. 143
W. Sun, W. Y. Xu, and S. I. Akasofu: J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11695 (1998)
W. Sun and S.I. Akasofu: J. Geophys. Res. 105, 5411 (2000)
M. C. Fok, T. E. Moore, and D. C. Delcourt: J. Geophys. Res. 104, 14557 (1999)
Y. Kamide: J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. 44, 109 (1992)
R. K. Burton, R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell: J. Geophys. Res., 80, 4204 (1975)
R. L. McPherron, D. N. Baker, L. F. Bargatze, C. R. Clauer, and R. E. Holzer: Adv. Space Res. 8, 71 (1988)
T. Iyemori and D. R. K. Rao: Ann. Geophysicae 14, 608 (1996)
W. D. Gonzalez and B. T. Tsurutani: Planet. Space Sci. 35, 1101 (1987)
B. T. Tsurutani, X.-Y. Zhou, and W. D. Gonzalez: A lack of substorm ex-pansion phases during magnetic storms induced by magnetic cloud. In: Disturbances in Geospace: The Storm-Substorm Relationship, ed by A.S. Sharma, Y. Kamide and G.S. Lakhina, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 142 (AGU, Washington D.C., 2003b)
B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, F. Guarnieri, Y. Kamide, X. Zhoua, J. K. Arballo: J. Atmos. Sol. Ter. Phys. 66, 167 (2004)
M. W. Chen, M. Schulz, and L. R. Lyons: J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5745 (1994)
Y. Kamide: J. Atmos. Sol. Ter. Phys. 63, 4113 (2001)
K. Schindler: J. Geophys. Res. 70, 2803 (1974)
G. S. Lakhina and K. Schindler: J. Geophys. Res. 93, 8591 (1988)
A. P. Kakad, G. S. Lakhina, S. V. Singh: Planet. Space Sci. 51, 177 (2003)
W. W. Liu: J. Geophys. Res. 102, 4927 (1997)
S. Ohtani and T. Tamao: J. Geophys. Res. 98, 19369 (1993)
Huba, J. D., N. T. Gladd, and K. Papadopoulos: The lower- hybrid-drift in-stability as a source of anamolous resistivity for magnetic field line re-connection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 125, 1977.
G.S. Lakhina and B.T. Tsurutani: Geophys. Res. Letts. 24, 1463 (1997)
R. B. Horne and R. M. Thorne: J. Geophys. Res. 99, 17259 (1994).
M.C. Fok, T.E. Moore, and M.E. Greenspan: J. Geophys. Res. 101, 15311, 1996.
G.S. Lakhina and S.V. Singh Role of plasma instabilities driven by Oxygen ions during magnetic storms and substorms. In: Disturbances in Geospace: The Storm-Substorm Relationship, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 142, ed by A. S. Sharma, Y. Kamide and G. S. Lakhina (AGU, Washington, D.C., 2003) pp. 131-141
S. V. Singh, A. P. Kakad, R. V. Reddy, and G. S. Lakhina: J. Plasma Physics 70, 613 (2004)
S.V. Singh, A. P. Kakad and G. S. Lakhina: Phys. Plasmas 12, 012903 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lakhina, G.S., Alex, S., Rawat, R. (2009). An Overview of the Magnetosphere, Substorms and Geomagnetic Storms. In: Hasan, S.S., Gangadhara, R.T., Krishan, V. (eds) Turbulence, Dynamos, Accretion Disks, Pulsars and Collective Plasma Processes. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8868-1_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8868-1_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8867-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8868-1
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)