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The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria pp 727–741Cite as

Regulation of Genes by Light

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 28))

Summary

Our current understanding of light-dependent regulation of gene expression in purple bacteria is summarized. Most of the regulatory systems utilize photoreceptor proteins that transmit a light-dependent signal to different downstream components to control a wide variety of physiological responses. The photoreceptors identified so far are (bacterio)phytochrome, sensory rhodopsin, phototropin-related proteins, BLUF domain proteins, cryptochrome, and photoactive yellow protein. They use different chromophores such as bilin, retinal, flavin or p-coumaric acid that absorb different wavelengths of light. Based on structural and spectroscopic studies, photochemical reaction mechanisms are beginning to be revealed, which show how the photoreceptors translate a light signal into protein structural changes. On the other hand, downstream factors as well as their signaling pathways are still largely unknown. Purple bacteria also respond to the light environment independently of the photoreceptors. Recent biochemical and genetic data have established that the responses involve photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains as well as reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen. Regulatory mechanisms of the photoreceptor-independent light responses are also discussed.

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Abbreviations

BLUF:

sensors of Blue Light Using FAD

BV:

biliverdin IXα

E. :

Euglena

FMN:

flavin mononucleotide

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

GAF:

cyclic GMP, adenylyl cyclase, FhlA

LOV:

light oxygen voltage

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

PAS:

Per Arnt Sim

PYP:

Photoactive Yellow Protein

Rba. :

Rhodobacter

Rcs. :

Rhodocista

Rps. :

Rhodopseudomonas

Rsp. :

Rhodospirillum

Rvi. :

Rubrivivax

SRII:

sensory rhodopsin II

Tch. :

Thermochromatium

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392, Giessen, Germany

    Gabriele Klug

  2. Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan

    Shinji Masuda

Authors
  1. Gabriele Klug
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  2. Shinji Masuda
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Correspondence to Gabriele Klug or Shinji Masuda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sheffield, UK

    C. Neil Hunter

  2. University of Pennsylvania, USA

    Fevzi Daldal

  3. Argonne National Laboratory, USA

    Marion C. Thurnauer

  4. University of British Columbia, Canada

    J. Thomas Beatty

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Klug, G., Masuda, S. (2009). Regulation of Genes by Light. In: Hunter, C.N., Daldal, F., Thurnauer, M.C., Beatty, J.T. (eds) The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_36

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