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New Light on Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs

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Book cover The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 28))

Summary

Discovered 30 years ago, aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAP) represent an entirely new bacterial functional group that was surprisingly found to constitute nearly 10% of microbial cells in the world’s biggest surface ecosystem, the ocean. These intriguing and colorful descendents of anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs possess a fully functional photosynthetic apparatus that is paradoxically operative only under oxic conditions. An obviously ancient group, the AAP display numerous extensive evolutionary modifications to their photosynthetic machinery from that of their ancestors, such as different suites of light-harvesting 2 complexes and, in some species, the only zinc-based chlorophyll pigments found anywhere in nature. Whereas AAP are incapable of photoautotrophy and rely on heterotrophy for 80% or more of their cellular energetics, sunlight can double organic carbon assimilatory efficiency over that of strict heterotrophs, making AAP key players in the marine carbon cycle. The AAP inhabit not just soil, rivers and oceans, but also hypersaline waters, thermal springs and even the dark realm of deep ocean hydrothermal vents. Ubiquity and atypical photosynthetic nature has inspired an ever-increasing scientific interest in the AAP, for which there are more exceptions than rules.

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Abbreviations

AAP:

aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs

BChl:

bacteriochlorophyll

Cmi. :

Citromicrobium

Cyt:

cytochrome

D :

Dinoroseobacter

DMSP:

dimethylsulfoniopropionate

E. :

Erythromicrobium

Erb. :

Erythrobacter

GYa:

109 years ago

H. :

Hoeflea

IREM:

infrared epifluorescence microscopy

IRFRR:

infrared fast repetition rate fluorometry

LH:

lightharvesting

PEP:

phosphoenol pyruvate

PSU:

photosynthetic unit

QPCR:

quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Q y :

electronic transition of BChl a from ground state to lowest excited singlet state

R. :

Roseicyclus

Rba. :

Rhodobacter

RC:

reaction center

Rps. :

Rhodopseudomonas

Rsc. :

Roseococcus

Rst. :

Roseateles

Rubisco:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Rva:

Roseovarius

S. :

Stappia

Srb. :

Sandaracinobacter

Stl. :

Staleya

TMAO:

trimethylamine N-oxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2

    Vladimir Yurkov & Julius T. Csotonyi

Authors
  1. Vladimir Yurkov
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  2. Julius T. Csotonyi
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Correspondence to Vladimir Yurkov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sheffield, UK

    C. Neil Hunter

  2. University of Pennsylvania, USA

    Fevzi Daldal

  3. Argonne National Laboratory, USA

    Marion C. Thurnauer

  4. University of British Columbia, Canada

    J. Thomas Beatty

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Yurkov, V., Csotonyi, J.T. (2009). New Light on Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs. In: Hunter, C.N., Daldal, F., Thurnauer, M.C., Beatty, J.T. (eds) The Purple Phototrophic Bacteria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_3

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