Abstract
To answer many of their clinical questions, physicians need access to reports of original research. This requires the reader to critically appraise the design, conduct, and analysis of each study and subsequently interpret the results. This first chapter reviews some of the key historical developments that have led to the current paradigms used in clinical research, such as the concept of randomization, blinding (masking) and, placebo-controls.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hulley S, Cummings S, Browner Wea. Designing Clinical Research. 2nd ed. Philidelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/albertszentgyorgyi.html
Windish DM, Huot SJ, Green ML. Medicine residents’ understanding of the biostatistics and results in the medical literature. JAMA. Sept 5, 2007; 298(9):1010–1022.
Ahrens E. The Crisis in Clinical Research: Overcoming Institutional Obstacles. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992.
Fisher R. The Design of Experiments. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; 1935.
Hart PD. Randomised controlled clinical trials. BMJ. May 25, 1991; 302(6787):1271–1272.
Amberson JB, MacMahon BT, Pinner M. A clinical trial of sanocrysin in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuber. 1931; 24:401–435.
Hill AB. The clinical trial. Br Med Bull. 1951; 7(4):278–282.
White L, Tursky B, Schwartz G. Placebo: Theory, Research, and Mechanisms. New York: Guilford Press; 1985.
Medical Research Council. Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. BMJ 1948; ii:769–782.
Thalidomide. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide.
Institute of Medicine. Careers in Clinical Research: Obstacles and Opportunities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1994.
DeMets DL, Califf RM. Lessons learned from recent cardiovascular clinical trials: Part I. Circulation. Aug 6, 2002; 106(6):746–751.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Glasser, S.P. (2008). Clinical Research: Definitions, “Anatomy and Physiology,” and the Quest for “Universal Truth”. In: Glasser, S.P. (eds) Essentials of Clinical Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8486-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8486-7_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8485-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8486-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)