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Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling pp 215–237Cite as

Specialized channels in astrocytes

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Abstract

As discussed in Chapter 7, astrocytes express a large repertoire of ion channels that are reminiscent of those used by excitable cells to generate or propagate electrical signals. In addition, astrocytes also contain more specialized channels that appear to engage in ion and water homeostasis in brain. Most notably, these include anion channels and water-permeable aquaporins. These channels are much less well understood than their voltage-gated cousins. This chapter attempts to provide a concise summary of our current knowledge regarding the molecular, pharmacological and biophysical characteristics of these specialized channels as well as to discuss some of the potential roles for these channels in the biology of astrocytes. The reader is also referred to recent reviews on anion channels in astrocytes (Walz, 2002) and aquaporins in the central nervous system (Badaut et al., 2002;Venero et al., 2001).

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Abbreviations

ClC:

Voltage-gated chloride channel

CFTR:

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator

dBcAMP:

Dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP

DIDS:

4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2–2′-disulfonic acid

DPC:

Diphenylamine-2-carboxylate

GABAA :

γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

9-AC:

9-anthracene carboxylic acid

NPPB:

5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PKC:

Protein kinase C

SITS:

4-acetamido-4′-isocyanatostilbene-2–2′-disulfonic acid

TEA+ :

Tetraethylammonium ion

VDAC:

Voltage-dependent anion channel

VSOAC:

Volume-sensitive organic osmolyte-anion channel

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  1. Department of Neurobiology and Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Kimberly A. Parkerson & Harald Sontheimer

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  1. Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Clifornia, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Glenn I. Hatton  & Vladimir Parpura  & 

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Parkerson, K.A., Sontheimer, H. (2004). Specialized channels in astrocytes. In: Hatton, G.I., Parpura, V. (eds) Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-7937-5_8

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