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Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes pp 223–266Cite as

Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery in Oncology

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Part of the book series: Carbon Materials: Chemistry and Physics ((CMCP,volume 1))

Abstract

The goal of this chapter is to introduce carbon nanomaterials and highlight research focused on their use as cancer therapeutics. The physical properties of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, including their spectral characteristics are described. Current oncology treatment regimes are described to provide an overview of where carbon nanomaterials may have significant value in further development of the established standards of care procedures. Photodynamic therapy and drug delivery using fullerene C60 is explored. Thermal ablation techniques using carbon nanotubes are explained and alternate hyperthermic methods using carbon nanotubes are described. Specifically, carbon nanotubes are examined for their potential contribution to the currently practiced clinical therapy intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion. Nanotubes and nanohorns filled with chemotherapeutic agents are examined as are different methods for filling and containment of drug moieties. The attachment of active molecules to fullerenes is described with examples for use in oncology. Toxicity issues are explored and the future directions and potential for carbon nanomaterial types concludes the chapter.

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Abbreviations

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

UV:

Ultraviolet

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

PL:

Photoluminescence

SWNT:

Single-walled nanotube

DWNT:

Double-walled nanotube

MWNT:

Multi-walled nanotube

IV:

Intravenous

HSP:

Heat shock protein

IPHC:

Intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion/chemotherapy

MMC:

Mitomycin C

IP:

Intraperitoneal

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Nd:YAG:

Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet

Nd:

Y3Al5O12

NIR:

Near infrared

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

FA:

Folic acid

CDDP:

Cisplatin

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA

    Nicole H. Levi-Polyachenko

  2. Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials, Department of Physics, 100 Olin Physical Laboratory, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA

    David L. Carroll (Director)

  3. Department of General Surgery, Section on Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA

    John H. Stewart IV

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  1. Nicole H. Levi-Polyachenko
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  2. David L. Carroll
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  3. John H. Stewart IV
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  1. Lupi Chemical Research Institute, Via Casilina 1626/A, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Franco Cataldo (Director) (Director)

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europe, I-34127, Trieste, Italy

    Tatiana Da Ros

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Levi-Polyachenko, N.H., Carroll, D.L., Stewart, J.H. (2008). Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery in Oncology. In: Cataldo, F., Da Ros, T. (eds) Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes. Carbon Materials: Chemistry and Physics, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6845-4_10

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