In this paper we discuss new practices in water management regarding the involvement of people and stakeholders in the policy-making process. We intend to identify criteria that help in selecting a suitable type of participation for a specific case. After a broad exploration of some basics in literature about decision-making and public participation, we concentrate on adaptive management resulting from the ecosystem approach. Based on the level of interaction, we indicate six levels of participation between water managers and actors in society. Keeping in mind a distinction between a pluralist and a corporatist approach, we proceed with major criteria that play a role in the selection of a suitable design for a participatory decision-making. We conclude with some important questions that should be addressed in order to find a model that enables water managers to decide about their optimal styles of public and stakeholder participation in practical cases of decision-making.
Keywords: stakeholder participation, interactive policy-making, integrated water management
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van Ast, J.A., Rosa, M.P., Santbergen, L.L.P.A. (2008). Developments in Participation within Integrated Water Management. In: Meire, P., Coenen, M., Lombardo, C., Robba, M., Sacile, R. (eds) Integrated Water Management. NATO Science Series, vol 80. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6552-1_25
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