Abstract
In mammals, three different isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, II-A,II-B and II-C, are widely distributed throughout the entire organism. while a few cells contain a single isoform, most contain more than one,including isoforms generated by alternative splicing. In humans, these isoforms are encoded by three different genes, MYH9 (II-A), MYH10 and MYH14(II-C), present on threee different chromosomes. These proteins play a role in many fundamental cellular and developmental processes such as cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and cytokinesis. Although all three isoforms share a number of biochemical and structural properties, there are also importand differences among them that are being investigated at both the cellular level as well as the relaticely specific inhibitor of myosin MgATPase activity, blebbistatin, are two important new tools helping to ellucidate the function of nonmuscle myosin II. The use of homologous recombination to generate mice that have been ablated for, or have ,markedly decreased amounts of each isoform, or have point mutations in the various isoforms, is also providing new information about the role of these proteins in vivo. The purpose of the present chapter is to review the properties of nonmuscle muosin II and its signalilng pathways and to provide examples of its function in cells fromo a number of species, as well as intact animals
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Conti, M.A., Kawamoto, S., Adelstein, R.S. (2008). Non-Muscle Myosin II. In: Myosins. Proteins and Cell Regulation, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6519-4_7
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