Xylem is the plant vascular tissue responsible for raw sap conduction. It comprises two main types of cells that are derived from differentiating cambium: tracheary elements (TEs) and fibres that have conducting and mechanical role, respectively. Xylem formation is a developmental process and is under strict hormonal control involving a stew of phytohormones including auxin, cytokinin and ethylene.
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Pesquet, E., Tuominen, H. (2007). Unravelling ethylene biosynthesis and its role during tracheary element formation in Zinnia elegans. In: Ramina, A., Chang, C., Giovannoni, J., Klee, H., Perata, P., Woltering, E. (eds) Advances in Plant Ethylene Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6014-4_32
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