Abstract
Grasses are the dominant vegetation in many environments which vary in size and composition from the great prairies to manicured golf courses, bowling greens, and lawns around our homes. Natural grasslands cover millions of hectares throughout the world, providing sustenance for vast numbers of wildlife. Grasslands, improved by sowing and managing desirable species, support livestock industries around the world. Hard-wearing grass species are used to create recreational spaces in the urban environment.
Keywords
- Entomopathogenic Nematode
- Target Insect
- White Grub
- Japanese Beetle
- Lawn Care
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alm, S. R., Villani, M. G., Yeh, T., and Shutter, R. 1997. Bacillus thuringiensis japonensis strain Buibui for control of Japanese and oriental beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 32, 477–484.
Barrett, B. I. P., van Toor, R. F., Ferguson, C. M., and Stewart, K. M. 1990. “Grass grub and porina in Otago and Southland: a guide to management and control.” Tablet, Dunedin, N. Z.
Beard J. B., and Green, R. L. 1994. The role of turfgrass in environmental protection and their benefits to humans. J. Environ. Quality 23, 452–460.
Bondaz, F. and Valet, S. 1996. Essai d’epandage a la vol de graines enrobees de Beauveria brongniartii instauration et penetration dans le sol. IOBC/wprs Bulletin (Bulletin OILB/srop) 19, 65–68.
Cherry, R. H. and Klein, M. G. 1997. Mortality induced by Bacillus popilliae in Cyclocephala parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) held under simulated filed conditions. Fla. Entomol. 80, 261–265.
Cobb, P. P. and Mack, T. P. 1989. A rating system for evaluating tawny mole cricket, Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder, damage (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). J. Entomol Sci. 24, 142–144.
Danneberger, T. K. 1993. “Turfgrass Ecology and Management,” Franzak and Foster, G. I. E., Cleveland, OH.
Delfosse, E. S. 1993. “Pests of Pastures. Weed, Invertebrate and Disease Pests of Australian Sheep Pastures.” CSIRO Entomology.
Dutky, S. R. 1941. Testing the possible value of milky disease for control of soil-inhabiting larvae. J. Econ Entomol. 34, 217–218.
Emmons, R. D. 2000. “Turfgrass Science and Management.” 3rd ed. Delmar, Albany, NY.
Georgis, R., Koppenhöfer, A. M., Lacey, L. A., Bélair, G., Duncan, L. W., Grewal, P. S., Samish, M., Tan, L., Torr, P., and van Tol, R., W. H. M 2006. Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control. Biol. Control 38, 103–123.
Goettel, M. S. and Inglis, G. D. 1997. Fungi: Hyphomycetes. In “Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology” (L. A. Lacey, Ed.), pp. 213–249. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Goldson, S. L., Frampton, E. R., Barrett, B. I. P., and Ferguson, C. M. 1984. Seasonal biology of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and introduced pest of New Zealand lucerne. Bull. Entomol. Res. 74, 249–259.
Goldson S. L. and Proffitt J. R. 1991. Use of an electric blanket for winter field collection of Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). N. Z. Entomol. 14, 44–47.
Grewal, P. S. and Georgis, R. 1998. Entomopathogenic nematodes. In “Methods in Biotechnology, Vol. 5: Biopesticides: Use and Delivery.” (F. R. Hall and J. J. Menn, Eds.), pp. 271–299. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
Grewal. P. S., Koppenhöfer, A. M., Choo, H. Y. 2005. Lawn, turfgrass, and pasture applications. In “Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents.” (P. S. Grewal, R.-U. Ehlers, and D. I. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), pp 115–146. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Jackson, T. A. 1992. Scarabs -pests of the past or future? In “Use of Pathogens in Scarab Pest Management.” (T. A. Jackson and T. R. Glare, Eds.), pp. 1–10. Intercept Ltd., Andover, UK.
Jackson, T. A. 1996. Soil dwelling pests – is specificity the key to successful microbial control? In “Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Microbial Control of Soil Dwelling Pests.” (T. A. Jackson and T. R. Glare, Eds.), pp. 1–6. AgResearch. Lincoln, NZ.
Jackson, T. A., Broad, T. M., O’Callaghan, M., and Martin, G. 1989. Development of a subsurface application system for Serratia entomophila for control of grass grub in pasture. Proc. 5th Australasian Conf. Grassland Invertebr. Ecol. pp. 63–68.
Jackson, T. A. and Glare, T. R. 1992. “Use of Pathogens in Scarab Pest Management.” Intercept, Andover, UK.
Jackson, T. A., Pearson, J. F., O’Callaghan, M. O., Mahanty, H. K., and Willocks, M. J. 1992. Pathogen to product-development of Serratia entomophila (Enterobacteriaceae) as a commercial biological control agent for the New Zealand Grass grub (Costelytra zealandica). In “Use of Pathogens in Scarab Pest Management.” (T. A. Jackson and T. R. Glare, Eds.), pp. 191–198. Intercept Ltd., Andover, UK.
Jackson, T. A., Huger, A. M., and Glare T. R. 1993. Pathology of amber disease in the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 61, 123–130.
Jackson, T. A. and O’Callahan, M. 1997. Environmental competence – an essential characteristic of successful microbial control agents for soil-dwelling pests. In “Soil Invertebrates in 1997.” (P. G. Allsopp, D. J. Rogers, and L. N. Robertson, Eds.), pp. 74–77. BSES, Brisbane, Australia.
Jackson, T. A., Townsend, T. R., Nelson, T. L., Richards, N. K., and Glare, T. R. 1997. Estimating amber disease in grass grub populations by visual assessment and DNA colony blot analysis. Proc. 50th N. Z. Plant Protection Conf., pp. 165–168.
Kain W. M. and Young, J. 1975. Population studies of Costelytra zealandica (White). I. A soil sampler suitable for sampling pasture land. N. Z. J. Exp. Agric. 3, 177–180.
Kain W. M. and Atkinson, D. M. 1976. Population studies of Costelytra zealandica (White). II. A rapid mechanical extraction method suitable for intensive sampling of Costelytra zealandica and other scarabaeids. N. Z. J. Exp. Agric. 4, 391–397.
Kaya, H. K., Klein, M. G., Burlando, T. M., Harrison, R. E., and Lacey, L. A. 1992. Prevalence of two Bacillus popilliae Dutky morphotypes and blue disease in Cyclocephala hirta LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) populations in California. Pan-Pacific Entomol. 68, 38–45.
Keller, S. 1978. Infektionsversuche mit dem Pliz Beauveria tenella an adulten Maikafern (Melolontha melolontha L.). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Suisse. 51, 13–19.
Keller, S., Keller, E., and Ramser, E. 1979. Ergebnisse eines Versuches zur mikrobiologischen Bekampfung des Maikafern (Melolontha melolontha L.) mit dem Pliz Beauveria tenella. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Suisse. 52, 35–44.
Klein, M. G. 1993. Biological control of scarabs with entomopathogenic nematodes. In “Nematodes and the Biological Control of Insects.” (R. Bedding, R. Akhurst and H. Kaya, Eds.), pp. 49–57. CSRIO, East Melbourne, Australia.
Klein, M. G. 1995. Microbial control of turfgrass insects. In “Handbook of Turfgrass Insect Pests.” (R. L. Brandenburg and M. G. Villani, Eds.), pp. 95–100. Entomol. Soc. Am., Lanham, MD.
Klein, M. G. 1997. Bacteria of soil-inhabiting insects. In “Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology” (L. A. Lacey, Ed.), pp. 101–116. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Klein, M. G. and Edwards, D. C. 1989. Captures of Popillia lewisi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and other scarabs on Okinawa with Japanese beetle lures. J. Econ Entomol. 82, 101–103.
Klein, M. G. and R. Georgis. 1992. Persistence of control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae with steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes. J. Econ. Entomol. 85, 727–730.
Koppenhöfer, A. M. and Fuzy, E. M. 2004. Effect of white grub developmental stage on susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes. J. Econ. Entomol. 97, 1842–1849.
Koppenhöfer, A. M., Fuzy E. M., Crocker R., Gelernter W., and Polavarapu S. 2004. Pathogenicity of Steinernema scarabaei, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and S. glaseri to twelve white grub species. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 14, 87–92.
Koppenhöfer, A. M., and Grewal, P. S. 2005. Compatibility and interactions with agrochemicals and other biocontrol agents. In “Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents.” (P. S. Grewal, R.-U. Ehlers, and D. I. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), pp 363–381. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK,.
Koppenhöfer, A. M., Grewal, P. S., and Fuzy, A. M. 2006. Virulence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. zealandica, and Steinernema scarabaei against five white grub species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of economic importance in turfgrass in North America. Biol. Control 38, 397–404.
Lawrence, K. O. 1982. A linear pitfall trap for mole cricket and other soil arthropods. Fla. Entomol. 65, 376–377.
Metting, F. B. 1993. Structure and physiological ecology of soil microbial communities. In “Soil Microbial Ecology.” (F. B. Metting, Ed.), pp. 3–25. Marcel Decker Inc., New York. NY.
Niemczyk, H. D., and Shetlar, D. J. 2000. “Destructive Turf Insects,” HDN Book, Wooster, OH.
O’Callaghan, M. and Jackson, T. A. 1993. Isolation and enumeration of Serratia entomophila – a bacterial pathogen of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75, 307–314.
Parkman, J. P., Hudson, W. G., Frank, J. H., Nguyen, K. B., and Smart, G. C., Jr. 1993. Establishment and persistence of Steinernema scapterisci (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in field populations of Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 28, 182–190.
Parkman, J. P. and Smart, G. C. Jr. 1996. Entomopathogenic nematodes, a case study: introduction of Steinernema scapterisci in Florida. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 6, 413–419.
Potter, D. A. 1998. “Destructive Turfgrass Insects: Biology, Diagnosis, and Control.” Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI.
Rath, A. C., Worledge, D., Koen, T. B., and Rowe, B. A. 1995. Long-term field efficacy of the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against the subterranean scarab, Adoryphorus couloni. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 5, 439–451.
Schwarz, M. R. 1995. Metarhizium anisopliae for soil pest control. In “Biorational Pest Control Agents.” (F. R. Hall and J. W. Barry, Eds.) pp. 183–196. ACS Symposium Series 595.
Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., Gouge, D. H., Koppenhöfer, A. M. 2002. Factors affecting commercial success: case studies in cotton, turf and citrus. In “Entomopathogenic Nematology.” (R. Gaugler. Ed.), pp. 333–355. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., Gouge, D. H., Piggott, S. J., and Fife, J. P. 2006. Application technology and environmental considerations for use of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. Biol. Control 38, 124–133.
Smits, P. H., Vlug, H. J., and Wiegers, G. L. 1993. Biological control of leatherjackets with Bacillus thuringiensis. Proc. Exp. Appl Entomol., N. E. V. Amsterdam 4, 187–192.
Van Bezooijen, J. 1999. Nematode extraction. In “EUR – Cost 819 – Entomopathogenic nematodes Application and persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes” (R. L Gwynn, P. H. Smits, C. Griffin, R.-U. Ehlers, N. Boemare, and J.-P. Masson, Eds.) pp. 61–72. European Commission, Luxembourg.
Vittum, P. J., Villani, M. G., and Tashiro, H. 1999. “Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada.” Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Vlug, H. J. and Paul, H. 1986. Sampling leatherjackets. Med Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent 51, 939–942.
Wright, D. J., Peters, A., Schroer, S., and Fife, J. P. 2005. Application technology. In “Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents.” (P. S. Grewal, R.-U. Ehlers, and D. I. Shapiro-Ilan, Eds.), pp 91–106. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Klein, M.G., Grewal, P.S., Jackson, T.A., Koppenhöfer, A.M. (2007). Lawn, turf and grassland pests. In: Lacey, L.A., Kaya, H.K. (eds) Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5933-9_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5933-9_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5931-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5933-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)