Abstract
Originally from Southeast Asia, citrus has been introduced into many arid or humid, subtropical to tropical regions around the world where it is cultivated in a diverse array of quasi-permanent tree-crop plantings that range from small interplanted hillside patches to vast monocultural enterprises (Webber, 1948). Numerous arthropods infest citrus and some are considered serious pests locally or more globally either because of the direct damage they cause or because they transmit or otherwise facilitate important plant pathogens (e.g., the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida, vectors the citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Poprawski et al., 1999).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albrigo, L. G., Anderson, C. A., and Edwards, G. J. 1975. Yield estimation of ‘Valencia’ orange research plots and groves. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 88, 44–49.
Bergh, J. C., and McCoy, C. W. 1997. Aerial dispersal of citrus rust mite from Florida citrus groves. Environ. Entomol. 26, 256–264.
Browning, H. W., McGovern, R. J., Jackson, L. K., Calvert, D. V., and Wardowski, W. F. 1995. Florida Citrus Diagnostic Guide. Florida Science Source, Inc., Lake Alfred, FL. pp. 1–244.
Bullock, R. C., Pelosi, R. R., and Killer, E. E. 1999. Management of citrus root weevils on Florida citrus with soil-applied entomopathogenic nematodes. Fla. Entomol. 82, 1–7.
Duncan, L. W., Graham, J. H., Dunn, D. C., Zellers, J., McCoy, C. W., and Nguyen, K. 2003. Incidence of endemic entomopathogenic nematodes following application of Steinernema riobrave for control of Diaprepes abbreviatus. J. Nematol. 35, 178–186.
Duncan, L. W., McCoy, C. W., and Terranova, A. C. 1996. Estimating sample size and persistence of entomogenous nematodes in sandy soils and their efficacy against the larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus in Florida. J. Nematol. 28, 56–67.
Duncan, L. W., McCoy, C. W., Stansly, P. A., Graham, J. H., and Mizell, R. F. 2001. Estimating the relative abundance of adult citrus root weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with modified Tedders traps. Environ. Entomol. 30, 939–946.
Duncan, L. W., El-Morshedy, M. M., and McSorley, R. 1994. Sampling citrus fibrous roots and Tylenchulus semipenetrans. J. Nematol. 26, 442–451.
Fife, J. P., Derksen, R. C., Ozkan, H. E., and Grewal, P. S. 2003. Effects of pressure differentials on the viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biol. Control 27, 65–72.
Goettel, M. S., and Inglis, G. D. 1997. Fungi: Hyphomycetes. In “Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology” (L. A. Lacey, Ed.), pp. 213–249, Academic Press, London.
Graham, J. H., Bright, D. B., and McCoy, C. W. 2003. Phytophthora-Diaprepes weevil complex: Phytophthora spp. relationship to citrus rootstocks. Plant Dis.87, 85–90.
Grewal, P. S. 2002. Formulation and application technology. In “Entomopathogenic Nematology” (R. Gaugler, Ed.), pp. 265–287, CABI, NY.
Kaya, H. K., and Stock, S. P. 1997. Techniques in insect nematology. In “Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology” (L. A. Lacey, Ed.), pp. 281–324, Academic Press, London.
Landa, A., and Jiranova, R. 1989. Entomopathogenic fungi as additional selective pest suppressing agents of greenhouse whitefly populations on greenhouse cucumbers. Proc. Conf. Biopesticides-Theory Practice. Ceske Budejovice, pp. 120–130.
McCoy, C. W. 1985. Citrus: current status of biological control in Florida. In “Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems” (M. Hoy and D. Herzog, Eds.), pp. 481–499, Academic Press, London.
McCoy, C. W. 1996. Pathogens of eriophyoid mites. In “Eriophyoid Mites. Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control”, Vol. 6 (E. E. Lindguist, M. W. Sabelis, and J. Bruim, Eds.), pp. 481–490, Elsevier Press, NY.
McCoy, C. W. 1998. Microbial control of arthropod pests of citrus. Proc. VIIth Intern. Colloq. Invertebr. Pathol. Microbial Control. Sapporo, Japan, pp. 160–165.
McCoy, C. W., Castle, W. S., Graham, J. H., Syvertsen, J. P., Schumann, A. W., and Stuart, R. J. 2004 Pesticide suppression of Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) promoted differential growth and survival of “Hamlin” orange trees budded to five rootstocks in a Phytophthora infested grove. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 117, 167–173.
McCoy, C. W. and Couch, T. L. 1982. Microbial control of the citrus rust mite with the mycoacaricide, Mycar. Fla. Entomol. 65, 116–126.
McCoy, C. W., Stuart, R. J., Duncan, L. W., and Nguyen, K. 2002. Field efficacy of two commercial preparations of entomopathogenic nematodes against larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in alfisol type soil. Fla. Entomol. 85, 537–544.
McCoy, C. W., Stuart, R. J., and Nigg, H. N. 2003. Seasonal life stage abundance of Diaprepes abbreviatus in irrigated and non-irrigated citrus plantings in central Florida. Fla. Entomol. 86, 34–42.
Morgan, C. V. G., Chant, D. A., Anderson, N. H., and Ayre, G. L. 1955. Methods for estimating orchard mite populations, especially with the mite brushing machine. Can. Entomol. 87, 189–199.
Morse, J. G., and Lindegren, J. E. 1996. Suppression of Fuller rose beetle on citrus with Steinernema carpocapsae. Fla. Entomol. 79, 373–384.
Poprawski, T. J., Parker, P. E., and Tsai, J. H. 1999. Laboratory and field evaluation of hyphomycete insect pathogenic fungi for control of brown citrus aphid. Environ. Entomol. 28, 315–321.
Quintela, E. D., and McCoy, C. W. 1998. Synergistic effect of imidacloprid and two entomopathogenic fungi on the behavior and survival of larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus in soil. J. Econ. Entomol. 91, 110–122.
Quintela, E. D., Fan, J., and McCoy, C. W. 1998. Development of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on artificial and citrus root substrates. J. Econ. Entomol. 91, 1173–1179.
Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., Gouge, D. H., Koppenhöfer, A. M. 2002. Factors affecting commercial success: case studies in cotton, turf and citrus. In “Entomopathogenic Nematology” (R. Gaugler, Ed.), pp. 333–356, CABI, NY.
Shaw, J. G., Chambers, D. L., and Tashiro, H. 1968. Introducing and establishing the non-inclusion virus of the citrus red mite in citrus groves. J. Econ. Entomol. 61, 1352–1355.
Stansly, P. A., Mizell, R. R., and McCoy, C. W. 1997. Monitoring Diaprepes abbreviatus with Tedders traps in southwest Florida citrus. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 110, 22–26.
Stout, R. G. 1962. Estimating citrus production by use of frame count survey. J. Farm Econ. 44, 2–3.
Stuart, R. J., Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., James, R. R., Nguyen, K. B., and McCoy, C. W. 2004. Virulence of new and mixed strains of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave to larvae of the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus. Biol. Control 30, 439–445.
Talhouk, A. J. 1975. Citrus pests throughout the world. Citrus Tech. Mon. 4, 21–24.
van der Geest, L. P. S. 1985. Pathogens of spider mites. In “Spider Mites. Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. 1B” (W. Helle and M. W. Sabelis, Eds.), pp. 247–258, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Webber, J. J. 1948. History and development of the citrus industry. In “The Citrus Industry, Vol. I. History, Botany and Breeding” (H. J. Webber and L. D. Batchelor, Eds.), pp. 1–40, Univ. California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mccoy, C.W., Stuart, R.J., Duncan, L.W., Shapiro-ilan, D.I. (2007). Application and evaluation of entomopathogens for citrus pest control. In: Lacey, L.A., Kaya, H.K. (eds) Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5933-9_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5933-9_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5931-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5933-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)