Skip to main content

Mining Dilution

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Mineral Resource Estimation
  • 4111 Accesses

Abstract

Dilution is a critical issue that affects many aspects in mining. It is generally due to the geometric characteristics of the ore body, the mining operation, the characteristics of geologic contacts, and the limitations of the mining equipment to recover material to the desired boundaries or contacts. There are three types of dilution that need to be considered at the time of mineral resource estimation. The dilution due to geologic contacts and the dilution due to the mixing of material types within a block are best tackled by geologists and resource estimators at the time of modeling. Operational dilution is generally planned for by the mining engineer at the time of developing a mine plan, but it also occurs unexpectedly, and is called unplanned dilution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abramovitz M, Stegun I (1964) Handbook of mathematical functions. Dover Publication, New York, p 1046 (9th print)

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong M, Matheron G (1986) Disjunctive kriging revisited (Parts I and II). Math Geol 18(8):711–742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badenhorst C, Rossi M, (2012) Measuring the impact of the change of support and information effect at Olympic Dam. In: Proceedings of the IX international geostatistics congress, Oslo, June, Springer, pp 345–357

    Google Scholar 

  • David M (1977) Geostatistical ore reserve estimation. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • GeoSystems International Inc. (1999) Conditional simulation study for the michilla mine. Unpublished Internal Report, Minera Michilla S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guardiano FB, Parker HM, Isaaks EH (1995) Prediction of recoverable reserves using conditional simulation: a case study for the fort knox gold project, Alaska. Unpublished Technical Report, Mineral Resource Development, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris GW (1997) Measurement of blast induced rock movement in surface mines using magnetic geophysics. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Department of Mining Engineering, University of Nevada Reno

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoerger S (1992) Implementation of indicator Kriging at Newmont Gold Company, In: Kim YC (ed) Proceedings of the 23rd international APCOM symposium, published by the Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., Tucson, April 7–11, pp 205–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaaks EH (2004) The kriging oxymoron: a conditionally unbiased and accurate predictor, 2nd ed. In: Proceedings of geostatistics banff 2004. Springer, 2005, 1:363–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaaks EH, Davis B (1999) The kriging oxymoron, Presented at the 1999 Society of Mining Engineers Annual Convention, Denver

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaaks EH, Srivastava RM (1989) An introduction to applied geostatistics. Oxford University Press, New York, p 561

    Google Scholar 

  • Journel AG, Huijbregts ChJ (1978) Mining geostatistics. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Journel AG, Kyriakidis P (2004) Evaluation of mineral reserves: a simulation approach. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Machuca-Mory D, Babak O, Deutsch CV (2007) Flexible change of support model suitable for a wide range of mineralization styles, Transactions, Society of Mining Engineering, SME

    Google Scholar 

  • Matheron G (1976) A simple substitute for conditional expectation: the disjunctive kriging, In: Guarascio M, David M, Huijbregts C (eds) Advanced geostatistics in the mining industry. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 221–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakalnis R, Poulin R, Vongpaisal S (1995) Quantifying dilution for underground mine operations. Annual meeting of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Halifax, May 14–18, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker HM (1980) The volume-variance relationship: A useful tool for mine planning. In: Geostatistics. McGraw-Hill, pp 61–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivoirard J (1994) Introduction to disjunctive kriging and non-linear geostatistics. Claredon Press, Oxford, p. 190

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi ME (2002) Recursos Geológicos o Reservas Mineras? In: Proceedings from the Sextas Jornadas Argentinas de Ingeniería de Minas, San Juan, Argentina, Mayo 30–Junio 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi ME, Parker HM (1993) Estimating recoverable reserves: is it hopeless? Presented at the Forum ‘Geostatistics for the Next Century’, Montreal, June 3–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi ME, Parker HM, Roditis YS (1993) Evaluation of existing geostatistical models and new approaches in estimating recoverable reserves, XXIV APCOM’93, Montreal, October 31–November 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth C, Deraisme J (2000). The information effect and estimating recoverable reserves, In: Kleingeld WJ, Krige DG (eds) Proceedings of the sixth international geostatistics congress, Cape Town, April, pp 776–787

    Google Scholar 

  • Verly G (1984) Estimation of spatial point and block distributions: The multiGaussian model. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Applied Earth Sciences, Stanford University

    Google Scholar 

  • Verly G (2000) Accounting for mining dilution and misclassification in resource block modeling. In: Kleingeld WJ, Krige DG (eds) Proceedings of the sixth international geostatistics congress, Cape Town, April, pp 788–797

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang RL, Kavetsky A (1990) A three dimensional model of muckpile formation and grade boundary movement in open pit blasting. Int J Min Geol Eng 8:13–34 (Chapman y Hall, London)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S (1994) Rock movement due to blasting and its impact on ore grade control in Nevada open pit gold mines. Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Department of Mining Engineering, University of Nevada Reno

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario E. Rossi .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rossi, M., Deutsch, C. (2014). Mining Dilution. In: Mineral Resource Estimation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5717-5_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics