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The Apicoplast

  • Chapter
The Structure and Function of Plastids

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 23))

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The apicoplast is an essential organelle characteristic of the apicomplexan parasites. It harbors its own genome and it is believed to be a chloroplast-derived organelle that originated by secondary endosymbiosis. Here, we address the more relevant properties of this organelle, an evolutionary relict of a once fully-functional algal chloroplast. We address how its highly-reduced plastid genome replicates and segregates, and how it gets transcribed and translated. We also describe the particular metabolism of the apicoplast, limited to certain pathways, including fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis, the non-mevalonate isoprenoid synthesis pathway, the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters, and the de novo synthesis of heme groups. These metabolic pathways are of relevance as a preferred target for anti-parasitic drugs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut f ür Physiologische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨ at München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Soledad Funes

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico

    Xochitl Pérez-Martínez

  3. Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico

    Adri án Reyes-Prieto

  4. Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico

    Diego González-Halphen

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  1. Soledad Funes
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  1. University of Wisconsin, 54901, Oshkosh, WI, USA

    Robert R. Wise

  2. Arizona State University, 85287, Tempe, AZ, USA

    J. Kenneth Hoober Ph.D

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Funes, S., Pérez-Martínez, X., Reyes-Prieto, A.á., González-Halphen, D. (2007). The Apicoplast. In: Wise, R.R., Hoober, J.K. (eds) The Structure and Function of Plastids. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4061-0_24

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