Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Geography of the Sea

  • Chapter
The Oceans: Key Issues in Marine Affairs

Part of the book series: The GeoJournal Library ((GEJL,volume 78))

Abstract

The origins of this chapter lie with the 28th International Geographical Congress in Den Haag in 1996. The Congress was remarkable for its emphasis on the sea, not least because of the location in Den Haag, and the strong and well known maritime tradition of the Dutch hosts. The sea ranked equal with the land and human effort in the Congress title — some 31 Programme items were directly concerned with aspects of marine geography, physical or human. And yet, even although seven-tenths of the Earth’s surface consists of oceans and seas, marine geography is a comparatively new specialism within geography.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Smith, H.D. (2000) The industrialisation of the world ocean. Ocean & Coastal Management. 43. (1) 11–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Maury, M.F. (1858) The physical geography of the sea., 6t Edition. Harper & Bros., New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Schlee, S. (1973) A history of oceanography: the edge of an unfamiliar world. Hale, London.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Went, A.E.J. (1972) Seventy years a-growing: a history of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Rapp. Proc.-V. Reun. Cons. Explor. Mer. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Thomasson, E.M. (ed) (1981) Study of the sea. Fishing News Books, Farnham.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chisholm, G.G. (1889, 1966) Handbook of commercial geography. ist. and 18th Editions. London.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Haggett, P. (1972) Geography: a modern synthesis. Harper & Row, New York; (2001) Geography: a global synthesis. Prentice-Hall, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Couper, A.D. (1978) Marine resources and environment. Progress in Human Geography. 2. (2) 296–308.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Couper, A.D. (ed.)(1983) The Times Atlas of the Oceans. Times Books, London; (ed.) (1989) The Times Atlas and Encyclopaedia of the Sea. Times Books, London.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Vallega, A. (1999) Fundamentals of integrated coastal management. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Vallega, A. (2001) Sustainable ocean governance: a geographical perspective. Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tchernia, P. (1980) Descriptive regional oceanography. Pergamon, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Alexander, L.M., Sherman, K., Gold, B.D. (eds.) (1990) Large marine ecosystems: patterns, processes and yields. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Longhurst, A.R. (1999) The ecological geography of the sea. Longman, London.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hall, S.J. (1999) The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems and communities. Blackwell Science, London.

    Google Scholar 

  16. O’Connell, D.P. (1982) The international law of the sea. The Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Brown, E.D. (1984) Sea-bed energy and mineral resources and the law of the sea. Graham & Trotman, London; (2001) Sea-bed energy and minerals: the international legal regime Vol. 2: Sea-bed mining. Martinus Nijhoff, the Hague/Boston/London.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. (1987) The law of the sea. Manchester University Press, Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Somers, E. (1990) Inleiding tot het internationaal zeerecht. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Shalowitz, A.. (1963) Shore and sea boundaries. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Blake, G. (ed.) (1987) Maritime boundaries and ocean resources. Croom Helm, Beckenham.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Prescott, J.R.V. (1985) The maritime political boundaries of the world. Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Charney, J.I., Alexander, L.M. (eds.) (1993, 1998) International maritime boundaries. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague/New York/London.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Various Authors (various dates) Limits in the seas (series). U.S. State Department, Washington D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Various Authors (various dates) Publications of the International Boundaries Research Unit, University of Durham. IBRU and other publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lawson, R. (1984) The economics of fishery development. Frances Pinter, London.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cunningham, S., Dunn, M.R., Whitmarsh, D. (1985) Fisheries economics: an introduction. Mansell, London.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Smith, H.D. (1986) The geography of the sea. Geography. 71 (4) 320–324; (1987) Marine geography: applications in coastal and sea use management. Cambria. 14. (2) 105–114.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Holt-Jensen, A. (1980) Geography — its history and concepts: a student’s guide. Harper & Row, London.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Johnston, R.J. (1979) Geography and geographers: Anglo-American human geography since 1945. Edward Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Vallega, A., Augustinius, Pieter G.E.F., Smith, H.D. (eds.) (1998) Geography, oceans and coasts: towards sustainable development. Franco Angeli, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bartz, F. (1964) Die Grossen Fischereraume der Welt. F. Steiner, Wiesbaden.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Coull, J.R. (1972) The fisheries of Europe. Bell, London.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Coull, J.R. (1993) World fisheries resources. Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tomas, P. (1987) La pesca. Editorial Synthesis, Palma.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Chapman, K. (1976) North Sea oil & gas. David & Charles, Newton Abbot.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Earney, F.C.F. (1980) Petroleum and hard minerals from the sea. Edward Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  38. Earney, F.C.F. (1989) Marine mineral resources. Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ballinger, R.C. (2003) Marine waste disposal. Chapter 9 this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Orams, M. (1999) Marine tourism: development, impacts and management. Routledge, London;

    Google Scholar 

  41. Orams, M.(2003) Marine leisure. Chapter 8, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hall, C.M. (2001) Trends in ocean and coastal tourism: the end of the last frontier? Ocean & Coastal Management. 44. 601–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Couper, A.D. (1971) The geography of sea transport. Hutchison, London.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Vigarie, A. (1979) Ports de commerce et vie littorale. Hachette, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Vallega, A. (1980) Per una geografia del mare: trasporti marittimi e rivoluzioni economiche. Mursia, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Bird, J.H. (1963) The major seaports of the United Kingdom. Hutchinson, London;

    Google Scholar 

  47. Bird, J.H.(1971) Seaports and seaport terminals. Hutchinson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hoyle, B.S., Pinder, D.A. (eds.) (1981) Cityport industrialisation and regional development: spatial analysis and planning strategies. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hoyle, B.S., Hilling, D. (eds.) (1984) Seaport systems and spatial change: technology, industry and development strategies. Pergamon, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hoyle, B.S., Pinder, D.A., Husain M.S. (eds.) (1988) Revitalising the waterfront: international dimensions of dockland redevelopment. Belhaven, London.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Vigarie, A. (1990) Economie maritime et geostrategie des oceans. Paradigme, Caen.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Gorchkov, S.G. (1979) The seapower of the state. Pergamon, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Smith, H.D., Pinder, D.A. (eds.) Geo-strategy, naval power and naval port systems. Marine Policy. 21. (4) 289–408

    Google Scholar 

  54. Pinder, David and Smith, Hance (eds.) (1999) Heritage resources and naval port regeneration. Ocean & Coastal Management. 42. (10–11) 857–984.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Smith, H.D. (1994) The development and management of the world ocean. Ocean & Coastal Management. 24(1). 3–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Morgan, J.R. (1991) Marine regions and the law of the sea. Ocean & Coastal Management. 15. (4) 261–272.

    Google Scholar 

  57. GeoJournal.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Ocean & Coastal Management.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Marine Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Alexander, L.M. (1963) The offshore geography of Northwestern Europe. Association of American Geographers, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Buchholz, H.J. (1987) Law of the Sea zones in the Pacific Ocean. Institute of Asian Affairs, Hamburg and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Couper, A.D. (ed.) (1989) Development and social change in the Pacific Islands. Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Alexander, L.M. (1993) Large marine ecosystems: a new focus for resources management. Marine Policy. 17. (3) 186–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Alexander, L.M., et.al. op.cit. 13 above.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Guilcher, A. (1957) Coastal and submarine morphology. Methuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  66. King, C.A.M. (1974) Introduction to marine geology and geomorphology. Edward Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  67. King, C.A.M. (1975) Introduction to physical and biological oceanography. Edward Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Gierloff-Emden, M.G. (1980) Geographie des meeres, oceane und kusten. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Andersen, R., Wadel, C. (eds.) (1971) North Atlantic fishermen: anthropological essays in modern fishing. Newfoundland Social and Economic Papers No. 5. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Newfoundland. St. John’s.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Maiolo, J.R., Orbach, M.K. (eds.) (1982) Modernisation and marine fisheries policy. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Thompson, P. with Lummis, T. (1983) Living the fishing. Routledge & Kegan Paul. London.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Ratcliffe, T. (1991) Responsibility for watersports development and management. Ocean & Coastal Management. 18. (2–4) 259–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Pickering, H.J. (1994) The role of corporations in the management of the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 28. (10) 629–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Nicholls, C. (1992) The environmental management of the marine aggregates dredging industry in England and Wales. PhD Thesis., Unpublished, University of Wales.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Cole-King, A. (1995) Marine conservation: a new policy era. Marine Policy. 17. (3) 171–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Owen, J. (1999) The environmental management of oil tanker routes in UK waters. Marine Policy. 23 (4–5) 289–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Vallega, A. (1992) Sea management: a theoretical approach. Elsevier Applied Science, Barking.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  78. Haggett, P. (2001) op.cit. 7 above.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Smith, H.D. (1998) IGU Oceans Project integrated ocean management: the role of the social sciences and geography, in: Vallega, A., Augustinius, P.G.E.F., Smith, H.D. (eds.) Geography, oceans and coasts: towards sustainable development. Franco Angeli, Milano, pp. 125–138.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Sagan, C. (1993) Is there intelligent life on Earth? 27th International Geographical Congress Proceedings, Closing Ceremony. Washington D.C., pp. 87–98.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Lambert, A. (1971) The making of the Dutch landscape: an historical geography of the Netherlands. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Aymard, M. (ed.) (1982) Dutch capitalism, world capitalism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Broek, J.O.M., Webb, J.W. (1968,1973) A geography of mankind. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Castells, M. (1996–98) The information age: economy, society and culture. 3 vols. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Bartz, F. (1964) op. cit. 32 above.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Von Brandt, A. (1984) Fish catching methods of the world. 3r. d. Edition. Fishing News Books, Farnham.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Coull, J.R. (1993) op.cit. 34 above.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Johannes, R.E. (1981) Words of the lagoon: fishing and marine lore in the Palau district of Micronesia. University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Couper, A.D. (ed.) (1989) op.cit. 58 above.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Cunliffe, B (2001) Facing the ocean: the Atlantic and its peoples, 8000BC-ADJ500. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Heyerdahl, T. (1980) Early man and the ocean: the beginning of seaborne civilisations. George, Allen & Unwin, London.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Sykes, B. (2001) The seven daughters of Eve. Bantam Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Broek, J.O.M. (1968) op.cit. 78 above.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Sykes, B. (2001) op.cit.87 above.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Meijer, F. (1986) A history of seafaring in the classical world. Croom Helm, Beckenham.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Moffat, A. (2001) The sea kingdoms: the story of Celtic Britain and Ireland. Harper Collins, London.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Dollinger, P. (1970) The Hansa. Macmillan, London.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Horden, P., Purcell, N. (1987) The Mediterranean world: man and environment in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (1995) Recognition, rights and reform: report to the Government on social rights measures. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Couper, A.D. (ed.) (1989) op.cit. 58 above.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Martin, V., Inglis, M. (eds.) (1984) Wilderness: the way ahead. Findhorn Press/Lorian Press. Findhorn.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Small, A. (1968) The historical geography of the Norse Viking colonisation of the Scottish Highlands. Norsk Geogr. Tidss. 22 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. McGrail, S. (1981) Rafts, boats and ships: from prehistoric times to the medieval era. HMSO, London.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Jones, G. (1986) The Norse Atlantic saga. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Smith, A. (ed. E Carnan) (1950) The wealth of nations. 6. th. edition. London.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Smith, H.D. (1985) The administration and management of the sea. Area. 17(2). 109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Gardiner, R. (ed.) (1992–95) Conway’s history of the ship. 12 vols. Conway Maritime Press. London.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Vigarie, A. (1990) op.cit. 48 above.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Mahan, A.T. (1890/1987) The influence of sea power upon history, 1660–1783. Dover Edition, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Gorchkov, S.G. (1979) op.cit. 49 above.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Earney, F.C.F. (1980, 1989) op.cit. 37 above.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Pinder, D.A. (2001) Offshore oil and gas: global resource knowledge and technological change. Ocean & Coastal Management. 44. (2–3) 579–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Pickering, H.J. (2003) Offshore oil and gas. Chapter 6 this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Charlier, R.H., Justus, J.R. (1993) Ocean energies: environmental, economic and technological aspects of alternative power sources. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Clark, R.B. (1986) Marine pollution. Oxford University Press, Oxford;

    Google Scholar 

  116. Ballinger R.C. (2003) Marine waste disposal.Chapter 19 this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Hall, C.M. (2001) Trends in ocean and coastal tourism: the end of the last frontier? Ocean & Coastal Management. 44. (2–3) 601–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Orams, M. (1999) Marine tourism: development, impacts and management. Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Orams, M. (2003) Marine leisure. Chapter 9 this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Schlee, S. (1973) op.cit. 3 above.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Global Ocean Observing System (various dates) Reports of meetings of experts and equivalent bodies. GOOS Reports. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Barbiere, J., Li, H (eds.) (2001) Third Millennium Special Issue: Megacities. Ocean & Coastal Management. 44. (5–6) 283–450.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Smith, H.D. (1992) The British Isles and the Age of Exploration — a maritime perspective. GeoJournal. 26(4) 483–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Padfield, P. (1999) Maritime supremacy and the opening of the Western mind. John Murray, London.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Smith, H.D. (2000) op cit. 9 above.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Smout, T.C. (1964) Scottish landowners and economic growth, 1650–1850. Scott. J. Pol.Econ. 11 214–234.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Galtung, J., Rudeng, E., Heistad, T. (1979) On the last 2,500 years in Western history, and some remarks on the coming 500, in: Burke, P. (ed.) The New Cambridge Modern History, 13: Companion Volume. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.318–361.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Wallerstein, I. (1974) The modern world system: capitalist agriculture and the origins of the European world-economy in the 16th century. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Ibib.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Smith, H.D. (1994) op.cit. 51 above.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Hance D. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Cardiff, UK

    Hance D. Smith

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smith, H.D. (2004). The Geography of the Sea. In: Smith, H.D. (eds) The Oceans: Key Issues in Marine Affairs. The GeoJournal Library, vol 78. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2780-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2780-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6716-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-2780-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation