Toward testing the fundamental physics by SNIa data

Abstract

It is demonstrated how fundamental theory like M-theory can be tested by SNIa data. We discuss astronomical tests (redshift-magnitude relation, angular size minimum, age of the universe) for brane cosmologies with various types of matter sources on the brane. We also find the limits on exotic physics (brane models in Randall — Sundrum version) coming from CMB and BBN.

We show that in the case of dust matter on the brane, the difference between the best-fit model with a Λ-term and the best-fit brane models becomes detectable for redshifts z > 1.2. We show that brane models predict brighter galaxies for such redshifts that predicted by the Perlmutter model. We demonstrate that the fit to supernovae data can also be obtained if we admit super-negative dark energy on the brane instead of Λ-term. We prove that the minimum of the angular size of galaxies is very sensitive to the amount of both dark radiation and brane tension which are unique characteristics of brane models. In opposition to ordinary radiation which increases the minimum, the negative values of dark radiation and brane tension can decrease it. The minimum disappears for some large negative contribution of dark radiation. We show also that the age of the universe can increase significantly for all brane models with phantom matter on the brane. We suggest that in the near future when new data will be avaliable, the errors in estimations of the Ω _i,0 parameters will significantly decrease, and stronger limits can be achieved.