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Cosmic Rays in the Earth’s Atmosphere and Underground pp 201–286Cite as

Experimental Basis of Cosmic Ray Research

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Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 303))

Abstract

Using the theory of CR meteorological effects (see Part 2, Chapters 5–9), all CR data obtained by continuous registration in the atmosphere and underground on the worldwide network of CR Observatories can be corrected and then transformed to the boundary of atmosphere by applying coupling functions and spectrographic methods (as described above, in Chapter 3). The same methods can also be utilized to find the rigidity spectrum of primary CR variations and determine the time variation of cut off rigidities. Furthermore, use of the information on CR asymptotic directions allows the computation of the CR distribution function out of the atmosphere, and in the interplanetary space (using the global-spectrographic method, also based on coupling functions method, see Section 3.14). By this recalculation we mathematically transform the worldwide network of CR Observatories in the atmosphere and underground into a unique giant multidirectional detector in space, which moves and rotates with Earth for continuous determination of CR space-rigidity distribution function in the interval from about one GV up to about thousand GV. To prolong this spectrum into smaller and higher energy range are widely used measurements on balloons and satellites, deep underground and by EAS installations. These data give information not only on the CR spectrum but also on CR chemical and isotopic contents, on CR intensity space-time variations, they are widely used for geophysical, astrophysical, and space research applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Israel Cosmic Ray Center, Space Weather Center, and Emilio Segrè Observatory, Tel Aviv University, Israel Space Agency, and Technion, Qazrin, Israel

    Lev I. Dorman

  2. Cosmic Ray Department of IZMIRAN, Russian Academy of Science, Troitsk, Russia

    Lev I. Dorman

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  1. Lev I. Dorman
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Dorman, L.I. (2004). Experimental Basis of Cosmic Ray Research. In: Cosmic Rays in the Earth’s Atmosphere and Underground. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 303. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2113-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2113-8_4

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