Skip to main content

Crime and Disorder, Security and the Tourism Industry

  • Chapter
The Handbook of Security

Abstract

Many countries’ economies are heavily dependent on tourism (UNTWO, 2013). Anything that deters tourists is therefore a threat both to the tourist industry and to the wider economy. Crime, low-level public disorder, political unrest and terrorism are therefore of particular importance to the tourist industry. This chapter considers the relationship between tourism and crime and disorder. It starts with a review of the extent to which tourist resorts generate higher-than-average levels of crime and disorder and then addresses the high levels of risk experienced by tourists, before going on to suggest explanations for these patterns. It then considers the effect of crime and disorder on tourism numbers. Since threats to safety and security impact decisions on where to take a vacation, it is arguable that the tourism industry can also be considered a victim of crime. The final sections therefore address policies directed at supporting tourist victims and reducing crime and disorder in resorts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ajagunna, I. (2006). Crime and Harassment in Jamaica: Consequences for Sustainability of the Tourism Industry.. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18(3), 253–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albuquerque, K. de and McElroy, J. (1999). Tourism and Crime in the Caribbean.. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 968–984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alleyne, D. and Boxill, I. (2003). The Impact of Crime on Tourist Arrivals in Jamaica.. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5, 381–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, R. (2000). An Evaluation of Secured by Design in West Yorkshire. Home Office Briefing Note 7/00.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bach, S. (1996). Tourist-Related Crime and the Hotel Industry: A Review of the Literature and Related Materials, in Pizam and Mansfeld (eds.) Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. 281–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton, A. and James, Z. (2003). Run to the Sun: Policing Contested Perceptions of Risk.. Policing and Society, 13(3), 259–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Botterill, D., Pointing, S., Hayes-Jonkers, C., Clough, A., Jones, T. and Rodriguez, C. (2013). Violence, Backpackers, Security and Critical Realism.. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 311–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, K.J. (2001). Small Business Crime: The Evaluation of a Crime Prevention Initiative.. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 3(1), 23–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brayshaw, D. (1995). Negative Publicity About Tourism Destinations: A Florida Case Study.. Travel and Tourism Analyst, 5, 62–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruinink, J.E. and Slump, G.J. (1997). Manual on Assistance to Tourists Who Are Victims of Crime. Accessed on www.victimology.nl.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunt, P. and Cousins, K. (2002). The Extent of the Impact of Terrorism on International Travel and Tourism at Specific Tourist Destinations.. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 4(3), 7–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, J., Ekblom, P. and Heal, K. (1979). Crime Prevention and the Police. London: HMSO. Home Office Research Study No 55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaplin, R., Flatley, J. and Smith, K. (2011). Crime in England and Wales 2010/11: Findings from the British Crime Survey and Police Recorded Crime. 2nd ed. July 2011 HOSB:10/11. See www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/hosb1011/hosb1011?view=Binary.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesney-Lind, M. and Lind, I.Y. (1986). Visitors as Victims: Crimes Against Tourists in Hawaii.. Annals of Tourism Research, 13, 167–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. (1987). The Tourist as Victim and Protege of Law Enforcement Agencies.. Leisure Studies, 6(2), 181–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L. and Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activities Approach.. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cozens, P.M., Pascoe, T. and Hillier, D. (2004). Critically Reviewing the Theory and Practice of Secured-by-Design for Residential New-build Housing in Britain.. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 6(1), 13–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 6(3), (2004) Special issue.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crotts, J.C. (1996). Theoretical Perspectives on Tourist Criminal Victimisation.. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 7(1), 2–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D., Allen, J. and Cosenza, R.M. (1988). Segmenting Local Residents by their Attitudes, Interests and Opinions Toward Tourism.. Journal of Travel Research, 27(2), 2–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dijk, J. van, Kesteren, J. van and Smit, P. (2008). Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective: Key Findings From the 2004–2005 ICVS and EU ICS. The Hague: Boom Legal Publishers. Accessed on http://rechten.uvt.nl/icvs/pdffiles/ICVS2004_05.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrington, D.P. and Welsh, B.C. (2002). Effects of Improved Street Lighting on Crime: A Systematic Review. London: Home Office. Home Office Research Study no.251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felson, M. and Cohen, L.E. (1980). Human Ecology and Crime: A Routine Activity Approach.. Human Ecology, 8(4), 389–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) (2013). British Behaviour Abroad Report 2013, Accessed on August 20, 2013, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/british-behaviour-abroad-report-2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, E.T. and Mak, J. (1979). The Impact of Alternative Regional Development Strategies on Crime Rates: Tourism vs Agriculture in Hawaii.. Annals of Regional Science, 13(3), 42–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallivan, J. (1994). Looking for Trouble with the Miami Police Department. Guardian, 22 January, 42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, M. and Spriggs, A. (2005). Assessing the Impact of CCTV. London: Home Office. HO Research Study no.292. Also available at www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs05/hors292.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. M. (1996). Tourism and Politics — Policy, Power and Place. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C.M. and O’Sullivan, V. (1996). Tourism, Political Stability and Violence, in Pizam and Mansfeld (eds.) Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. 105–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haralambopoulos, N. and Pizam. A. (1996). Perceived Impact of Tourism: The Case of Samos.. Annals of Tourism Research, 23, 503–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harper, D.W. (2006). The Tourist and his Criminal: Patterns in Street Robbery, in Mans-feld, Y. and Pizam, A. (eds.). Tourism, Security and Safety: From Theory to Practice. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 125–137.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, I.C. (2012). ‘Ripping off’ Tourists: An Empirical Evaluation of Tourists’ Perceptions and Service Worker (mis) Behaviour.. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 1094–1115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J.C. (2003). Terrorism and Tourism: Managing the Consequences of the Bali Bombing.. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 15(1), 41–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homel, R., Hauritz, M., McIlwain, G., Wortley, R. and Carvolth, R. (1997). Preventing Drunkenness and Violence Around Nightclubs in a Tourist Resort, in Clarke, R.V. (ed.). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies. 2nd ed. Guilderland, New York: Harrow and Heston. pp. 263–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inciardi, J.A. (1976). The Pickpocket and His Victim.. Victimology, 1(3), 446–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irish Tourist Assistance Service (2013). Annual Report 2012, Accessed on September 05, 2013, from http://itas.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ITAS-Annual-Report-2012.pdf.

  • Johns, N. (2007). Tourism and Sentencing: Establishing Status Privileges.. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 35(2), 63–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C. (2007). Tourism and Crime: Whose Problem? A Cornish Perspective. Unpublished PhD, University of Plymouth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C. (2012). The Tourist Victim: Paradise Lost or Paradise Regained? in Jones, C., Barclay, E. and Mawby, R.I. (eds.) The Problem of Pleasure: Leisure, Tourism and Crime. London: Routledge. pp. 185–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. (2010). Governing Security in Tourist Spaces, in Botterill, D. and Jones, T. (eds) Tourism and Crime: Key Themes. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers. pp. 167–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jud, G.D. (1975). Tourism and Crime in Mexico.. Social Science Quarterly, 56(2), 324–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, I. (1993). Tourist Destination Crime Rates: An Examination of Cairns and the Gold Coast, Australia.. Journal of Tourism Studies, 4(2), 2–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, B., Pizam, A. and Milman, A. (1993). The Social Impacts of Tourism on Nadi, Fiji as Perceived by Its Residents.. Annals of Tourism Research, 20, 650–665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, J.W. (2003). Perceptions of Crime Ang Safety Among Tourists Visiting the Caribbean, in Harriot, A (ed.) Understanding Crime in Jamaica: New Challenges for Public Policy. Kingston: The University of the West Indies Press. pp. 157–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeBruto, S.M. (1996). Legal Aspects of Tourism and Violence, in Pizam and Mansfeld (eds.) Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. 297–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, S. (2004). Behind the Gates: Life, Security and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfeld, Y. and Pizam, A. (2006). Tourism, Security and Safety: From Theory to Practice. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. (2000). Tourists’ Perceptions of Security: The Risk-Fear Paradox.. Tourism Economics, 6(2), 109–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. (2001). Burglary. Cullompton: Willan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. (2007a). Crime and Disorder Audits and the Problems of Becoming too Localised, in Hogard, E., Ellis, R. and Warren, J. (eds.) Community Safety: Innovation and Evaluation. Chester: University of Chester Press. pp. 206–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. (2007b). Crime, Place and Explaining Rural Hotspots,. International Journal of Rural Crime, 1, 21–43. Accessed on www.ruralfutures.une.edu.au/rurcrime/ijrc.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. (2010). Violent Crime and Tourists, in Botterill, D. and Jones, T. (eds.) Tourism and Crime: Key Themes. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers. pp. 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. (2011) Public Disorder, Antisocial Behaviour and Alcohol-Related Crime: From the Metropolis to the Tourist Resort, in Jones, C., Barclay, E. and Mawby, R.I. (eds.) The Problem of Pleasure: Leisure, Tourism and Crime. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 93–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I., Barclay, E. and Jones, C. (2010). Tourism and Victimisation, in Shoham, S.G., Knepper, P. and Kett, M. (eds.). International Handbook of Victimology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 319–344.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I., Boakye, K. and Jones, C. (2014). Policing Tourism: The Emergence of Specialist Units. Policing and Society, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I., Brunt, P. and Hambly, Z. (1999). Victimisation on Holiday: A British Survey.. International Review of Victimology, 6, 201–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I., Brunt, P. and Hambly, Z. (2000). Fear of Crime Among British Holidaymakers.. British Journal of Criminology, 40(3), 468–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. and Jones, C. (2007). Attempting to Reduce Hotel Burglary: Implementation Failure in a Multi-Agency Context.. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 9(3), 145–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. and Monckton-Smith, J. (2014). Victims and the Police, in Bruinsma, G. and Weisburd, D. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 5469–5480.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mawby, R.I. and Walklate, S. (1994). Critical Victimology: International Perspectives. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalko, G. (2004). Tourism Eclipsed by Crime: The Vulnerability of Foreign Tourists in Hungary.. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 15(2–3), 159–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milman, A. and Pizam, A. (1988). Social Impacts of Tourism on Central Florida.. Annals of Tourism Research, 15, 191–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Justice (2012). The Draft Victims of Overseas Terrorism Compensation Scheme 2012, Draft Scheme Laid before Parliament Under Section 54(1) of the Crime and Security Act 2010 for Approval by Resolution of Each House of Parliament, see: https://consult.justice.gov.uk/digital-communications/victims-witnesses.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muehsam, M.J. and Tarlow, P.E. (1995). Involving the Police in Tourism.. Tourism Management, 16(1), 9–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, O. (1973). Defensible Space. London: Architectural Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R.A. (1989). The Hospitality Customer as Crime Victim: Recent Legal Research.. Hospitality Education and Research Journal, 13(3), 225–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pascoe, T. and Topping, P. (1997). Secured by Design: Assessing the Basis of the Scheme.. International Journal of Risk, Security and Crime Prevention, 2(3), 161–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelfrey, W.V. (1998). Tourism and Crime: A Preliminary Assessment of the Relationship of Crime to the Number of Visitors at Selected Sites.. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminology, 22(1–2), 293–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A. (1982). Tourism and Crime: Is There a Relationship?. Journal of Travel Research, 20(3), 7–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A. (1999). A Comprehensive Approach to Classifying Acts of Crime and Violence at Tourism Destinations.. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 5–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A. and Fleischer, A. (2002). Severity Versus Frequency of Acts of Terrorism: Which Has a Larger Impact on Tourism Demand?. Journal of Travel Research, 40(1), pp. 337–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A. and Mansfeld, V. (1996). Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A. and Smith, G. (2000). Tourism and Terrorism: A Quantitative Analysis of Major Terrorist Acts and Their Impact on Tourist Destinations.. Tourism Economics, 6(2), 123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizam, A., Tarlow, P.E. and Bloom, J. (1997). Making Tourists Feel Safe: Whose Responsibility Is It?. Journal of Travel Research, Summer, 23–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prideaux, B. (1995). Mass Tourism and Crime: Is There a Connection? A Study of Crime in Major Queensland Tourism Destinations. Proceedings of the Australian National Tourism Research and Education Conferences 1994, Canberra: Bureau of Tourism Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prideaux, B. (1996). The Tourism Crime Cycle: A Beach Destination Case Study, in Pizam and Mansfeld (eds.) Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. 59–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prideaux, B. and Dunn, A. (1995). Tourism and Crime — How Can the Tourism Industry Respond? The Gold Coast Experience.. Australian Journal of Hospitality Management, 2(1), 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, L.K. and Waugh, W.L. (1986). Terrorism and Tourism as Logical Companions.. Tourism Management, 7(4), 230–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, G.F. (1992). Resident Perceptions of the impact of Tourism on an Australian City.. Journal of Travel Research. Winter, 13–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, C. (1993). Crime, Violence, Terrorism and Tourism: An Accident or Intrinsic Relationship.. Tourism Management, 14(3), 173–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiebler, S.A., Crotts, J.C. and Hollinger, R.C. (1996). Florida Tourists Vulnerability to Crime, in Pizam and Mansfeld (eds.) Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. 37–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, N. (2006). Management of Tourism: Conformation to Whose Standards? in Prideaux, B., Moscardo, G. and Laws, E. (eds.). Managing Tourism and Hospitality Services: Theory and International Applications. Wallingford, OX: CABI. pp. 54–61.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Shearing, C.D. and Stenning, P.C. (1996). From the Panopticon to Disney World: The Development of Discipline, in Muncie, J., McLaughlin, E. and Langan, M. (eds.) Criminological Perspectives. London: Sage. pp. 413–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman L.W., Gartin, P.R. and Buerger, M.E. (1989) Hotspots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place. Criminology, 27(1), 27–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stangeland, P. (1998). Other Targets or Other Locations? An Analysts of Opportunity Structures.. British Journal of Criminology, 38(1), 61–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarlow, P. (2000). Letter from America: A Short History of Tourism Oriented Policing Services.. Crime Prevention and Community Safety: An International Journal, 2(1), 55–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNTWO) (2013). UNWTO Tourism Highlights. 2012 Ed. Accessed May 17, 2013, from http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights12enhr_1.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venditto, J. and Mouzos, J. (2006). The Murder of Overseas Visitors in Australia. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No.316. Accessed on www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi2/tandi316t.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahab, S. (1996). Tourism and Terrorism: Synthesis of the Problem with Emphasis on Egypt, in Pizam and Mansfeld (eds.) Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. pp. 174–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, S. (1992). The Police in America: An Introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walmsley, D.J., Boskovic, R.M. and Pigram, J.J. (1983). Tourism and Crime: An Australian Perspective.. Journal of Leisure Research, 15(2), 136–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, B.C. and Farrington, D.P. (2002). Crime Prevention Effects of Closed Circuit Television: A Systematic Review. London: Home Office. Home Office Research Study no.252.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Tourism Organization (1996). Tourism Safety and Security: Practical Measures for Destinations. Madrid: WTO.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2014 R. I. Mawby

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mawby, R.I. (2014). Crime and Disorder, Security and the Tourism Industry. In: Gill, M. (eds) The Handbook of Security. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67284-4_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics