Skip to main content

The Roles of Credit and Marketing in Agricultural Development

  • Chapter
Agricultural Policy in Developing Countries

Part of the book series: International Economic Association Series ((IEA))

Abstract

An agricultural credit system must allow free transfer of resources between sectors, between regions and across income classes so as to bring about an efficient allocation of a developing country’s scarce resources. It must finance the needs arising from the burgeoning technological revolution in agricultural sectors. It must encourage and mobilise savings from the incomes generated by the expanding agricultural production. As an important factor of production, credit must play a pivotal role in fostering an equitable distribution of the increasing agricultural income. It must be used to create productive employment for absorbing the growing numbers of underemployed in the agricultural sectors. Credit can be a double-edged weapon significantly influencing welfare or human misery, broadening participation of the masses in the political process, or reinforcing feudalism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abbott, J. C., ‘The Development of Marketing Institutions’, in H. South-worth and B. F. Johnston (eds.), Agricultural Development and Economic Growth (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1967) pp. 364–98.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Adams, Dale W., ‘Agricultural Credit in Latin America: External Funding Policy’, Occasional Paper No. 9 (Ohio State University, Apr 1970) (mimeo).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Advisory Committee on Overseas Development, Farmer Co-operatives in Developing Countries (Washington, D.C., Oct 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Alvis, V. Q., and Temu, P. E., ‘Marketing Selected Staple Foodstuffs in Kenya’, IP-25 (Dept of Agricultural Economics and Offices of International Programs, West Virginia University, Morgantown, Mar 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Apte, S. G., ‘Co-operative Agricultural Credit: Some Disquieting Trends’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 581–2.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Arunachalem, R. M., ‘Credit and Capital Formation in the Agricultural Development of Four Trichy Villages, Madras State, India, 1962–64’, Ph.D. dissertation (Purdue University, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Athavale, M. C., Mishra, J. P., and Bhave, S. W., ‘Loans Advanced by Land Development Banks: Utilisation, Diversion and Measures to Prevent Diversion’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 575.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Barker, Randolph, ‘The Economics of Rice Production’, paper from the Dept of Agricultural Economics, Rice Policy Conference, International Rice Research Institute, 9–14 May 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bauer, P. T., West African Trade (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bhagwati, J. M., and Chakravarty, S., ‘Contributions to Indian Economic Analysis’, supplement to American Economic Review, LIX, 4 (Sep 1969) 2–73.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Collinson, M., ‘Tanzania’s Co-operative Movement and Farmers’ Credit in the 1960s’, unpublished paper.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cummings, R., Jr, Pricing Efficiency in the Indian Wheat Market (New Delhi: Impex, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dantwala, M. L., ‘Preface to Volume of Background Papers’, International Seminar on Comparative Experience of Agricultural Development in Developing Countries since World War II, Oct 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  14. ———, Address given to the Fourth Annual General Meeting of the Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd, 16 June 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Davis, L. Harlan, Bettis, L., and Adams, D. W., ‘Is Inexpensive Credit a Bargain for Small Farmers? The Recent Brazil Case’, mimeo (Nov 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Desai, B. M., ‘Level and Pattern of Investment in Agriculture: A Micro Cross-Section Analysis of a Progressive and a Backward Area in Central Gujarat’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXIV, 4 (Oct–Dec 1969) 70–9.

    Google Scholar 

  17. ——— and Desai, D. K., ‘Is Inadequacy of Institutional Credit a Problem in Changing Agriculture?’, Economic and Political Weekly, Review of Agriculture, 26 Sep 1970, pp. A-101-10.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Desai, O. M., ‘Growth of Fertilizer Use in Indian Agriculture: Past Trends and Future Demand’, Cornell International Agricultural Development Bulletin, no. 18 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dewey, Alice G., Peasant Marketing in Java (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Erven, B. L., ‘An Economic Analysis of Agricultural Credit Use and Policy Problems, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil’, Ph.D dissertation (University of Wisconsin, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Farruk, M. O., ‘The Structure and Performance of the Rice Marketing System in East Pakistan’, Occasional Paper No. 31, USAID-Prices Research Project (Dept of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University, June 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Galbraith, J. K., and Holton, R. H., Marketing Efficiency in Puerto Rico (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1955).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Ghosh, M. G., ‘Investment Behaviour of Traditional and “Modern” Farms: A Comparative Study’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXIV, 4 (Oct–Dec 1969) 80.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hermann, L. F., Considerations Relating to Agricultural Price Policy in India, with Special Reference to Rice and Other Foodgrains, Report to the Governemnt of India (New Delhi: Ministry of Food and Agriculture, 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hirsch, L., Marketing in an Underdeveloped Economy: The North Indian Sugar Industry (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hussain, M. A., ‘A Field Investigation into the Management of Village Co-operatives in Comilla Experimental Area’, mimeo (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jain, H. C., ‘Growth and Recent Trends in the Institutional Credit in India’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 555.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Jakhade, V. M., and Gadgil, M. V., ‘How to Assess the Repayment Capacity of Cultivators’, (Bombay: Economics Dept, Reserve Bank of India, 1970) (mimeo).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jasdanwalla, A., Marketing Efficiency in Indian Agriculture (Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jodha, N. S., ‘Land-Based Credit Policies and Investment Prospects for Small Farmers’, Economic and Political Weekly, Review of Agriculture, Sep 1971, pp. A-143-8.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jones, W. O., ‘Measuring the Effectiveness of Agricultural Marketing in Contributing to Economic Development: Some African Examples’, Food Research Institute Studies on Agricultural Economics, Trade and Development, IX, 3 (1970) 175–96.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Khalid, A. S., ‘Statutory Agricultural Credit Agencies in Pakistan’, Economic Journal, II, 2 (July 1969) 189–210.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Khusro, A. M., ‘Returns to Scale in Indian Agriculture’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XIX (Oct–Dec 1964) 51–80.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kriesel, H. C., Laurent, C. K., Halpern, C., and Larzelere, H. E., ‘Agricultural Marketing in Tanzania: Background Research and Policy Proposals’ (Michigan State University/USAID, June 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kulkarni, A. P., ‘The Behaviour of Prices of Groundnut Pods in Some Regulated Markets in Maharashtra’, Ph.D. dissertation (University of Poona, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ladejinsky, Wolf, ‘A Note on Institutional Problems’, mimeo (New Delhi, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  37. ——, ‘The Green Revolution in Punjab: A Field Trip’, Economic and Political Weekly, 28 June 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Lal, Deepak, ‘Agricultural Development in Maharashtra: Some Aspects’, Economic and Political Weekly, Review of Agriculture, Dec 1969, pp. A-207–10.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Lamade, W., ‘Marketing Boards in Tanzania’, Zeitschrift für ausländische Landwirtschaft, VII, 4 (Frankfurt a.M., 1968) 334–48.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Laurent, C. K., ‘Cotton Marketing in Tanzania’, unpublished paper.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Lee, T. H., Intersectoral Capital Flows in the Economic Development of Taiwan, 1895–1960 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lele, Urna J., and Mellor, J. W., ‘Estimates of Change and Causes of Change in Foodgrains Production in India, 1949–50 to 1960–61’, Cornell International Agricultural Development Bulletin, no. 2 (Aug 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  43. ———, ‘Working of Grain Markets in Selected States, India, 1955–56 to 1964–65’, Occasional Paper No. 12, USAID-Prices Research Contract (Dept of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University, Dec 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  44. ———, ‘The Modem Rice Mill in India’, Occasional Paper No. 49, USAID-Employment and Income Distribution Project (Dept of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University).

    Google Scholar 

  45. ———, Food Grain Marketing in India: Private Performance and Public Policy (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Long, Norman, ‘Co-operative Enterprise and Rural Development in Tanzania’, in R. J. Apthorpe (ed.), Rural Institutions and Planned Change in Africa: Case Materials, Report No. 70–15 (Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Maguire, Gene Andrew, Toward ‘Uhuru’ in Tanzania: The Politics of Participation (London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Mazumdar, D., ‘Farm Size and Productivity’, Economica (May 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Mears, Leon A., and Agabin, Meliza H., ‘Finance and Credit Associated with Rice Marketing in the Philippines’, Discussion Paper No. 71–15 (Institute of Economic Development and Research, School of Economics, University of the Philippines, 17 Aug 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Mellor, J. W., The Economics of Agricultural Development (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  51. ——— and Lele, Urna J., ‘Alternative Estimates of the Trend in Indian Foodgrains Production during the First Two Plans’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, XIII, 2 (Jan 1965) 217–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Misra, S. and Mallick, S. C., ‘Factors Influencing Capital Formation in Agriculture’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXIV, 4 (Oct–Dec 1969) 93–105.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Murti, Ram, ‘Estimation of Magnitude of Credit Needs of the Farmers in Block Kalyanpur, Kanpur (UP.)’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 568–70.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Mutti, R. J., and Atere-Roberts, D. N., ‘Marketing of Staple Food Crops in Sierra Leone’, AID Contract No. C.S.D.-801 (University of Illinois, and Njala University College, University of Sierra Leone, Mar 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  55. National Co-operative Development Corporation, Marketing by the Farmer for the Farmer (New Delhi: Gondals Press, Jan 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nightingale, Ray W., ‘The Modernization Decision in Indian Urban Fluid-Milk Markets’, Cornell International Agricultural Development Bulletin, no. 15, 6 Aug 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ordono, A. V., ‘Agricultural Credit in the Land-Reform Areas’, Economic Research Journal, XIII, 4 (Mar 1967) 245–57.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Oweis, Jiryis S., ‘Agricultural Credit Policy in Developing Countries’ (Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination, Agency for International Development, Mar 1972) (mimeo).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Patel, Mahendra Lal, Agro-economic Survey of Tribal Mandla (Delhi: People’s Publishing House, 1969) pp. 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Rao, A. P., ‘Size of Holding and Productivity’, Economic and Political Weekly, 11 Nov 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Rao, Bodepudi Prasada, ‘The Economics of Agricultural Credit-Use in Southern Brazil’, Ph.D. dissertation (Ohio State University, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Rao, C. H. Hanumantha, ‘Farm Size and Credit Policy’, Economic and Political Weekly, Review of Agriculture, Dec 1970, pp. A-157-62.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Raper, Arthur F., Rural Development in Action: The Comprehensive Experiment at Comilla, East Pakistan (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ray, Ajeya, ‘The Role of Institutional Finance in Agricultural Investments of the District of Burdwan in West Bengal: A Case Study’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 567.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Reserve Bank of India, Development of Co-operative Marketing: A Survey Report (Bombay, 1968) (Shri V. M. Jakhade, Adviser).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Rudra, A., ‘Farm Size and Yield per Acre’, Economic and Political Weekly, 19 July 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Saikia, P. D., ‘The Role of Land Mortgage Banks in Agricultural Development in Assam’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (1971) 574–5.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Schluter, Michael, ‘Differential Rates of Adoption of the New Seed Varieties in India: The Problem of the Small Farm’, Occasional Paper No. 47, USAID-Employment and Income Distribution Project (Dept of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  69. ——— and Longhurst, Richard, ‘Suitability of the New Technology for the Small Farm: High-Yielding Rice and Bajra in Two Districts in India’, draft (June 1972); to be published in Occasional Paper Series, Dept of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University.

    Google Scholar 

  70. ——— and Mellor, John W., ‘New Seed Varieties and the Small Farm’, Economic and Political Weekly, Review of Agriculture, 25 Mar 1972, pp. A-31-8.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Shah, S. L., and Singh, L. R., ‘Capital Formation in Agriculture of the Tarai Region of Uttar Pradesh’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXIV, 4 (Oct–Dec 1969) 87–92.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Singh, H„ and Kahlon, A. S., ‘A Study of Credit Requirements and Advances to Farmers in Patiala District’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 496–503.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Sisodia, J. S., ‘Institutional Credit for Agriculture in Indore District’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 568.

    Google Scholar 

  74. State Bank of Pakistan, Statistics on Co-operative Banks, ‘Statement XVIII’ (Karachi, Sep 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Subramanian, S. R., Ramamoorthy, K., and Varadarajan, S., ‘Credit Needs and Availability to Farmers’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics XXVI, 4 (Oct–Dec 1971) 558.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Thoday, A. R., ‘Marketing of Staple Foods in Western Nigeria’, 3 vols., AID Contract AID/C.S.D.-801 (Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif., Mar 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  77. ———, ‘Marketing of Grains and Pulses in Ethiopia’, S.R.I. Project IV-6350, Report No. 16 (Stanford Research Institute, Apr 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Tomek, William C., ‘Stability for Primary Products: Means to What Ends?’, Occasional Paper No. 28, USAID-Prices Research Project (Dept of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University, Sep 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Tripathy, R. N., and Samuel, B., ‘Economics of High-Yielding Varieties in I.A.D.P.: A Study in Orissa’, Economic and Political Weekly, 25 Oct 1969, pp. 1719–24.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Vasthoff, Josef, Small Farm Credit and Development: Some Experiences in East Africa with Special Reference to Kenya, IFO-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Afrika-Studien Nr. 32 (München: Weltforum-Verlag, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Vyas, V. S., ‘Rapporteur’s Report on Institutional Finance for Agricultural Development’, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXIII, 4 (Oct–Dec 1968) 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Weiss, Joseph S., ‘The Benefits of Broader Markets due to Feeder Roads and Market News: Northeast Brazil’, Latin American Studies Program, Dissertation Series No. 24 (Cornell University, Jan 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Wharton, Clifton R., Jr, ‘The Green Revolution: Cornucopia or Pandora’s Box?’, Foreign Affairs (Apr 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  84. White, B., Jr, Kelley, T., and Rocha, D. S., Agricultural Credit in the Mata Zone of Minas Gerais, preliminary ed. (Viçosa, Brazil, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Widstrand, C. G. (ed.), Co-operatives and Rural Development in East Africa (New York: Africana Publishing Corporation, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Nurul Islam

Copyright information

© 1974 International Economic Association

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lele, U.J. (1974). The Roles of Credit and Marketing in Agricultural Development. In: Islam, N. (eds) Agricultural Policy in Developing Countries. International Economic Association Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-63663-1_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics