Abstract
Indonesia was the first ASEAN country to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China soon after it was proclaimed on 1 October 1949.1 However, after periods of swinging to the extremes, Sino-Indonesian relations were abruptly suspended in the wake of Gestapu, the Indonesian coup in September 1965. Today, three of the five ASEAN countries — Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines — have established diplomatic relations with China dating from the mid-1970s and the fourth one, Singapore, has informally established official links with Beijing by setting up a trade office there. This leaves Indonesia, ironically, the only country in the ASEAN region — in fact one of a handful in the world — which has no direct official dialogues with China.
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Notes and References
O. W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1967) p. 27.
Victor Purcell, The Chinese in Southeast Asia 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 1965) p. 390.
See the recent article of A, R. T. Kemassang, ‘The 1740 Massacre of Chinese in Java: A Curain Raiser for the Dutch Plantation Economy’, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, vol. 14, no. I (1982).
Purcell, ch. 43; Also, J. A. C. Mackie (ed.), The Chinese in Indonesia: Five Essays (Thomas Nelson, Melbourne, for the Australian Institute of International Affairs, 1976) Introduction.
Ho Ping-Yin, The Foreign Trade of China (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1935).
For greater detail, see Donald E. Willmott, The National Status of the Chinese in Indonesia, 1900–1958 (Ithaca: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, 1961).
See Leo Suryadinata, Pribumi Indonesians, the Chinese Minority and China (Kuala Lumpur: Heinemann Educational books, 1978).
See Ruth McVey, ‘Indonesian Communism and China’, in Tang Tsou (ed.), China in Crisis, vol. 2 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1968).
Arslan Humbaraci, ‘Anti-Chinese Feelings in Indonesia’, FEER (10 September 1959) p. 389.
Lea E. Williams, ‘Sino-Indonesian Diplomacy: A Study of Revolutionary International Politics’, China Quarterly no. 11 (July/September 1962) pp. 184–99.
For a more detailed discussion of Sino-Indonesian relations in this period, see, Sheldon W. Simon, The Broken Triangle: Peking, Djakarta, and the PKI (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969).
See Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy (London: Rouledge & Kegan Paul, 1978).
For a detailed account of the army’s role in the coup and its aftermath, as well as of Suharto’s patient process of overthrowing Sukarno, see Harold Crouch, The Army and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978).
For events following the coup see Justus M. van der Kroef, ‘The Sino-Indonesian Rupture’, China Quarterly no. 33 (January/March 1968).
See P. H. M. Jones, ‘Peking’s Trade Offensive III -Indonesia’, FEER (18 June 1959).
C. Peter Timmer, ‘The Political Economy of Rice in Asia: Indonesia’, Food Research Institute Studies, no. 3 (1975).
John Wong, ‘Rice Exports: A New Dimension in China’s Economic Relations with Southeast Asia’, Journal of Southeast Asia Studies (September 1979).
For a more detailed discussion of this subject, see John Wong ‘Chinese Demand for Southeast Asian Rubber, 1949–72’, China Quarterly no. 63 (September 1975).
For more details, see Wolfang Bartke, China’s Economic Aid (London: Hurst and Company, 1975).
See Jay Taylor, China and Southeast Asia: Peking’s Relations with Revolutionary Movements (New York: Praeger Publisher, 1974).
See John Wong, ‘The Economics and Politics of Sino-Indonesian Relations, 1950–1976’, Asian Profile (August 1977).
See Garth Alexander, Silent Invasion: The Chinese in Southeast Asia (London: Macdonald, 1973).
Also, Adil Rakindo, ‘Indonesia: Chinese Scapegoat Politics in Suharto’s New Order’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, vol. 5, no. 3 (1975).
Ingo Hertel, ‘Jakarta Prefers to Bide Her Time on China Ties’, ST (28 January 1980).
Barry Wain, ‘China and Indonesia are Moving Closer Towards Establishing Diplomatic Relations’, Asian Wall Street Journal, (20 December 1979).
See, e.g., Roshan Anwar, ‘Conflicting Views on Restoring Ties with China’, ST (14 October 1978).
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© 1984 John Wong
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Wong, J. (1984). Indonesia’s Relations with China. In: The Political Economy of China’s Changing Relations with Southeast Asia. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27929-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27929-6_2
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