Abstract
It could well be argued that Charles’s military conquests, some of which proved short lived, were of far less significance for the future development of European civilisation than the parallel attempt to match the physical expansion of the Frankish empire with a programme of intellectual and spiritual reform and revival. In the course of this a vital impetus was given to both ideals and institutions of learning that continued to be felt throughout most areas of western Europe long after the Carolingian dynasty had ceased to rule.1 While these longer-term developments can not be followed here beyond the confines of Charles’s reign, their importance gives the latter its greatest claim to fame, and some of the processes, institutions and ideas involved will more than repay examination, however brief.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Philippe Wolff, The Awakening of Europe (Harmondsworth, 1968), pp. 36–108.
Alan Thacker, ‘Bede’s Ideal of Reform’, in Patrick Wormald, Donald Bullough and Roger Collins (eds), Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society (Oxford, 1983), pp. 130–53.
Paul Fouracre and Richard A. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography 640–720 (Manchester, 1996), pp. 133–253.
Ian Wood, ‘Administration, Law and Culture in Merovingian Gaul’, in R. McKitterick (ed.), The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 63–81.
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Frankish Church (Oxford, 1983), pp. 143–61.
Timothy Reuter, ‘“Kirchenreform” und “Kirchenpolitik” im Zeitalter Karls Martells: Begriffe und Wirklichkeit’, in Jörg Jamut, Ulrich Nonn and Michael Richter (eds), Karl Martell in seiner Zeit (Sigmaringen, 1994), pp. 35–59.
P. Riché, ‘Le renouveau culturel à la cour de Pépin III’, Francia, 2 (1974), pp. 59–70.
D. Bullough, ‘Aula Renovata. The Carolingian Court before the Aachen Palace’, PB A, 71 (1985), pp. 267–301, at pp. 269–70.
E. A. Thompson, The Goths in Spain (Oxford, 1969), pp. 277–89.
J. Jarnut, ‘Bonifatius und die fränkischen Reformkonzilien (734–748)’, Zeitung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonistische Abteilung. 96 (1979), pp. 1–26.
Richard Sharpe, ‘Some Problems Concerning the Organisation of the Church in Early Medieval Ireland’, Peritia, 3 (1984), pp. 230–70.
J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Frankish Church (Oxford, 1983), pp. 171–6.
Charles Munier, ‘Nouvelles recherches sur l’Hispana chronologique’, Revue des sciences religieuses, 40 (1966), pp. 400–10.
R. McKitterick, ‘Knowledge of Canon Law in the Frankish Kingdoms Before 789: the Manuscript Evidence’, Journal of Theological Studies, 36 (1985), pp. 97–117.
P. Godman (ed.), Alcuin: the Bishops, Kings and Saints of York (Oxford, 1982).
F.-K. Scheibe, ‘Alcuin und die Briefe Karls des Grossen’, DA, 15 (1959), pp. 181–93.
L. Wallach, ‘Charlemagne’s De litteris colendis and Alcuin: A Diplomatic-Historical Study’, Speculum, 26 (1951), pp.288–305.
C. J. B. Gaskoin, Alcuin (Cambridge, 1904), p. 94, n. 4.
Walter Ullmann, The Carolingian Renaissance and the Idea of Kingship (Cambridge, 1969), pp. 11–12.
Gregory Dix, The Shape of the Liturgy (London, 1945), pp. 208–37, 434–526, 546–612.
W. S. Porter, The Gallican Rite (London, 1958), pp. 9–56.
D. M. Hope, The Leonine Sacramentary: A Reassessment of its Nature and Purpose (Oxford, 1971), pp. 132–4.
B. Moreton, The Eighth Century Gelasian Sacramentary (Oxford, 1976).
Gerald Ellard, Master Alcuin Liturgist (Chicago, 1956), pp. 127–44.
J. Deshusses, ‘Le “Supplément” au sacra- mentaire grégorien: Alcuin ou Benoît d’Aniane?’, Archiv für Liturgiewissenschaft, 9 (1965), pp. 48–71.
Paul Meyvaert, ‘Problems Concerning the “Autograph” Manuscript of Saint Benedict’s Rule’, Revue Bénédictine, 70 (1959), pp. 1–21.
Bonifatius Fischer, ‘Bibelausgaben des frühen Mittelalters’, Settimane di studio del Centro italiano sull’alto medioevo, vol. 10 (1963), pp. 519–600.
Richard Marsden, The Text of the Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 5–24.
Walter Goffart, ‘Paul the Deacon’s Gesta episcoporum Mettensium and the Early Design of Charlemagne’s Succession’, Traditio, 42 (1986), pp. 59–93.
David Ganz, ‘The Preconditions for Caroline Minuscule’, Viator, 18 (1987), pp. 23–44.
Rosamond McKitterick, The Carolingians and the Written Word (Cambridge, 1989).
Edmund Bishop, ‘Angilbert’s Ritual Order for Saint-Riquier’, in his Liturgica Historica (Oxford, 1918), pp. 314–32.
Susan A. Rabe, Faith, Art and Politics at Saint-Riquier (Philadelphia, 1995), pp. 111–37.
David Ganz, Corbie in the Carolingian Renaissance (Sigmaringen, 1990), pp. 36–56, 132–41, 158.
John Marenbon, From the Circle of Alcuin to the School of Auxerre (Cambridge, 1981), pp. 30–9.
Donald Bullough, The Age of Charlemagne (2nd edn, London, 1973), pp. 99–130.
C. J. B. Gaskoin, Alcuin (Cambridge, 1904), pp. 128–32.
Copyright information
© 1998 Roger Collins
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Collins, R. (1998). Reform and Renewal, 789–99. In: Charlemagne. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26924-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26924-2_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-65055-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-26924-2
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)