Skip to main content

Military Goals and Other Means

  • Chapter
Jacobitism

Part of the book series: British History in Perspective ((BHP))

  • 73 Accesses

Abstract

Queen Anne had strong sympathy with traditional Anglican culture, being the last reigning monarch to use the Royal Touch (Samuel Johnson was one of the latest beneficiaries of this sacramental ritual). As a result of these elements in her character and politics, the Queen did not especially favour the Whigs, with their traditional guilt by association with the Civil War: ‘Save the Queen’s White Neck’ was a Tory electioneering slogan. As a consequence, the Whigs sought rather to curry favour with her successor: some even suggested the possibility of a Hanoverian invasion on one occasion.1 Given the hostility to the Hanoverian dynasty shown by even non Jacobite Tories, foreign policy differences, the High Church character of the party and the Jacobite equivocations of many of its supporters, it is perhaps not surprising that George I inclined on his accession towards the Whigs. The Tories, deeply suspicious of a Lutheran king’s intentions towards the Church of England, fought the 1715 election on the theme of the Church in Danger, with a degree of exaggerated scaremongering that might well have appeared crypto Jacobite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Daniel Szechi, The Jacobites (Manchester, 1994), p. 65.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ibid., p. xvii; Richard Sharp, The Engraved Record of the Jacobite Movement (Aldershot, 1996), p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Leo Gooch, The Desperate Faction? The Jacobites of North-East England 1688–1745 (Hull, 1995), p. 41;

    Google Scholar 

  4. Murray G. H. Pittock, ‘The Culture of Jacobitism’, in Jeremy Black (ed.), Culture and Society in Britain 1660–1800 (Manchester, 1997), pp. 124–45 (127);

    Google Scholar 

  5. see also H. T. Dickinson, ‘The Jacobite Challenge’, in Michael Lynch (ed.), Jacobitism and the 45 (London, 1995), pp. 7–22 (12).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Paul Monod, Jacobitism and the English People (Cambridge, 1989), p. 174.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Alistair and Henrietta Tayler, 1715: The Story of the Rising (London and Edinburgh, 1936), p. xiii.

    Google Scholar 

  8. David Hayton, ‘Traces of Party Politics in Early Eighteenth-Century Scottish Elections’, in Clyve Jones (ed.), Parliamentary History: The Scots and Parliament (Edinburgh, 1996), pp. 74–99 (76, 83, 88).

    Google Scholar 

  9. For discussion of Ramsay, cf. Murray G. H. Pittock, Poetry and Jacobite Politics in Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 149–60 and ‘Were the Easy Club Jacobites’, Scottish LiteraryJournal, 17:1 (1990), 91–4.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. Daniel Szechi, Jacobitism and Tory Politics, 1710–14 (Edinburgh, 1984), p. 67; Letters of George Lockhart of Carnwath, ed. Daniel Szechi (Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1989), pp. 5n, 53n, 58n, 75n, 76n, 85n, 95n.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gooch, Desperate Faction?, p. 34; Sir Charles Petrie, The Jacobite Movement: the First Phase, revised edn (London, 1948), p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gooch, Desperate Faction?, pp. 36–7; Geoffrey Holmes and Daniel Szechi, The Age of Oligarchy: Pre-industrial Britain 1722–1783 (London and New York, 1993), p. 98.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Edward Gregg, ‘The Jacobite Career of John, Earl of Mar’, in Eveline Cruickshanks (ed.), Ideology and Conspiracy: Aspects of Jacobitism, 1689–1759 (Edinburgh, 1982), pp. 179–200 (183); also L. B. Smith, ‘Spain and the Jacobites, 1715–16’, in the same volume, pp. 159–78 (168); Szechi, Jacobites, p. xviiii.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Colonel Sir John Baynes, Bart., The Jacobite Rising of 1715 (London, 1970), p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Patricia Dickson, Red John of the Battles (London, 1973), p. 182.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Alistair and Henrietta Tayler, Jacobites of Aberdeenshire and Banffshire in the Rising of 1715 (Edinburgh and London, 1934), p. xx; Szechi, Jacobites, p. xvii.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Taylers, 1715, p. 72; Allan Macinnes, Clanship, Commerce and the House of Stuart 1603–1788 (East Linton, 1996), p. 182n;

    Google Scholar 

  18. Murray G. H. Pittock, The Myth of the Jacobite Clans (Edinburgh, 1995), pp. 50–1.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite Cause (Glasgow, 1986), pp. 51, 53.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite Risings in Britain 1689–1746(London, 1980), p. 120.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Taylers, Jacobites, p. xiv; James Michael Hill, Celtic Warfare 1595–1763 (Edinburgh, 1986), pp. 82–3.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Geoffrey Holmes, Augustan England (London, 1982), p. 269.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Frank McLynn, The Jacobites (London, 1985), p. 100.

    Google Scholar 

  24. W. H. Murray, Rob Roy MacGregor (Edinburgh, 1993 (1982)), pp. 184–5.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Christopher Sinclair-Stevenson, Inglorious Rebellion: The Jacobite Risings of 1708, 1715 and 1719 (London, 1971), p. 121; Baynes, Jacobite Rising, p. 225.

    Google Scholar 

  26. James Thomson, Tite History of Dundee (Dundee, 1874), p. 114; Taylers, Jacobites, p. xvi; Szechi Jacobites, p. xviii.

    Google Scholar 

  27. David Dobson, Jacobites of the 15 (Aberdeen, 1993); Taylers, Jacobite Rising.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Jean McCann, ‘The Organisation of the Jacobite Army, 1745–46’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis (Edinburgh, 1963), pp. 138–9.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Michael Lynch, Scotland: A New History (London, 1991), p. 327.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lenman, Jacobite Cause, pp. 60–4; Peter Simpson, The Independent Highland Companies 1603–1760 (Edinburgh, 1996), p. 102.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lenman, Jacobite Cause, pp. 69–70; C. Sanford Terry, ‘The Battle of Glenshiel’, Scottish Historical Review, 2 (1905), 412–23 (414–15,423).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Szechi, Jacobites, pp. xviii-xix; Eveline Cruickshanks, ‘Lord North, Christopher Layer and the Atterbury Plot: 1720–23’, in Eveline Cruickshanks and Jeremy Black (eds.), The Jacobite Challenge (Edinburgh, 1988), pp. 92–106 (93–4).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Clyve Jones, ‘Whigs, Jacobites and Charles Spencer, Third Earl of Sunderland’, English Historical Review (1994), 52–73 (62–3, 70, 71, 72, 73).

    Google Scholar 

  34. E. P. Thompson, Whigs and Hunters (Harmondsworth, 1975), p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Valerie Rumbold, Women in Pope’s World (Cambridge, 1989), p. 187.

    Google Scholar 

  36. W. H. Langhorne, Reminiscences (Edinburgh, 1893), p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lesley Lewis, Connoisseurs and Secret Agents in Eighteenth-Century Rome (London, 1961), pp. 25, 101.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Paul Langford, Walpole and the Robinocracy (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 16–17.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Paul Monod, ‘For the King to Enjoy His Own Again’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis (Yale University, 1985), p. 51; Monod, Jacobitism, p. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  40. James Turner, The Politics of Landscape(Oxford, 1979);

    Google Scholar 

  41. Katherine Gibson, The Cult of Charles II, Royal Stuart Papers no. XLVII (London, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Christine Gerrard, The Patriot Opposition to Walpole (Oxford, 1994).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  43. James Hogg, The Jacobite Relics of Scotland (Paisley, 1874), p. 85.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite Clans of the Great Glen, 1650–1784 (London, 1984), p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Cornelius O’Callaghan,History of the Irish Brigades in the Service of France (Glasgow, 1870), p. 269.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Austin Clarke, ‘The Poetry of Swift’, in Roger McHugh and Philip Edwards (eds.), Jonathan Swift 1667–1967: A Dublin Tercentenary Tribute (Dublin, 1967), pp. 94–115 (109);

    Google Scholar 

  47. also J.G. Simms, ‘Ireland in the Age of Swift’, pp. 157–75 (166) in the same volume.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Cf. Ian Higgins, Swift’s Politics: A Study in Disaffection (Cambridge, 1995) and F. P. Lock, Swift’s Tory Politics (London, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Edward Hughes, North Country Life in the Eighteenth Century, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1952, 1965), I: 6, 20, 23, 414.

    Google Scholar 

  50. G. D. Henderson, Chevalier Ramsay (Aberdeen, 1952), pp. 140–1.

    Google Scholar 

  51. F. P. Lole, ‘The Scottish Jacobite Clubs’, The Jacobite, 81 (1993), 11–16 (11).

    Google Scholar 

  52. T. L. Kington Oliphant, The Jacobite Lairds of Gask (London: The Grampian Club, 1870), pp. 101–2.

    Google Scholar 

  53. J. H. Overton, The Nonjurors (London, 1902), pp. 87, 89,119, 325 ff.; Henry Broxap, The Later Non Jurors (Cambridge, 1924), pp. xvii, 5, 35, 66, 302n, 335; Monod, Jacobitism, p. 273;

    Google Scholar 

  54. Frank McLynn, Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England (Oxford, 1991 (1989)), p. 73;

    Google Scholar 

  55. Pat Rogers, ‘The Waltham Blacks and the Black Act’, Historical Journal 17 (1974), 465–86 (466–7, 472).

    Google Scholar 

  56. John Broad, ‘Whigs and Deer-Stealers in Other Guises: A Return to the Origins of the Black Act’, Past and Present, 119 (1988), 56–72 (70);

    Google Scholar 

  57. Eveline Cruickshanks and Howard Erskine-Hill, ‘The Waltham Black Act and Jacobitism’, Journal of British Studies, 24 (1984), 358–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Malvin Zirker, Fielding’s Social Pamphlets (Berkeley, California, 1966), pp. 478.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Paul Hopkins, cited in Paul Monod, ‘Dangerous Merchandise: Smuggling, Jacobitism and Commercial Culture in Southeast England’, Journal of British Studies, 30:2 (1991), 150–82 (153).

    Google Scholar 

  60. G. M. Trevelyan, English Social History (London, New York and Toronto, 1945 (1942)), p. 349n; cf also Petrie, Jacobite Movement, pp. 201–2.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 1998 Murray G. H. Pittock

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pittock, M.G.H. (1998). Military Goals and Other Means. In: Jacobitism. British History in Perspective. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26908-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26908-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-333-66798-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-26908-2

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics