Abstract
One of the professed goals of post-communist societies was the achievement of higher living standards and greater economic freedom. Initially, though, the obstacles facing economic transformation and the hardships caused by it tended to be underestimated. That it to say, it tended to be forgotten that economic transformation would involve both costs and benefits, that these costs and benefits must be weighed against each other, and that short-term costs were necessary in the interest of long-term benefits.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
See also Bartlomiej Kaminski, ‘The Legacy of Communism’,, in John P. Hardt and Richard F. Kaufman (eds), East-Central European Economies in Transition, Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1995, p. 17, Table 1.
Horst Brezinski and Michael Fritsch, ‘Transformation: The Shocking German Way’, MOCT-MOST, vol. 5, No. 4 (1995), p. 20, Table A.5.
Daniel Gros and Alfred Steinherr, Winds of Change, London, Longman, 1995, p. 460, Table 15.2 and p. 463, Table 15.3.
See also OCDE/CCET, Short-Term Economic Indicators: Transition Economies, no. 1 (1996), pp. 146–7.
Branko Milanovic, ‘Poverty in Eastern Europe in the Years of Crisis, 1978 to 1987: Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia’, The World Bank Economic Review, vol. 5, no. 2 (May 1991), pp. 187–205
Anthony B. Atkinson and John Micklewright, Economic transformation in Eastern Europe and the distribution of income, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992
Sándor Sipos, ‘Income Transfers: Family Support and Poverty Relief’, in Nicholas Barr (ed.), Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 232–4
See also Alastair McAuley, ‘Russia and the Baltics: Poverty and Poverty Research in a Changing World’, in Else Oyen, S.M. Miller and Syed Abdus Samad (eds), Poverty: A Global Review, Oslo, Scandinavian University Press, 1996, Chapter 17.
Branko Milanovic, ‘Income, Inequality and Poverty During the Transition: A Survey of the Evidence’, MOCT-MOST, vol. 6, no. 1 (1996), pp. 131–47.
The incidence of subjective poverty tends to be higher than the incidence of objective poverty. See e.g. Zdenek Pavlik (ed.), Human Development Report: Czech Republic 1996, Prague, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 1996, p. 51, Table 4.7.
Cf. Anthony B. Atkinson, ‘Comparing Poverty Rates Internationally: Lessons from Recent Studies in Developed Countries’, The World Bank Economic Review, vol. 5, no. 1 (January 1991), pp. 3–21.
Some examples are to be found in Björn Halleröd, ‘The Truly Poor: Direct and Indirect Consensual Measurement of Poverty in Sweden’, Journal of European Social Policy, vol. 5, no. 2 (1995), pp. 111–29, and
David G. Green, Community Without Politics, London, IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1996, pp. 57–62
See Giovanni Andrea Cornia et al., ‘Policy, Poverty and Capabilities in the Economies in Transition’, MOCT-MOST, vol. 6, no. 1 (1996), pp. 149–72.
Ian Jeffries, A Guide to the Economies in Transition, London, Routledge, 1996, p. 265.
See e.g. Gianluca Fiorentini and Sam Peltzman (eds), The economics of organized crime, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Mancur Olson, ‘The Devolution of Power in Post-Communist Societies: Therapies for Corruption, Fragmentation and Economic Retardation’, in Robert Skidelsky (ed.), Russia’s Stormy Path to Reform, London, The Social Market Foundation, 1995, pp. 12–13.
Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1982 (reissued), Chapter 12, and
Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose: A Personal Statement, London, Seeker & Warburg, 1980, pp. 119–26.
Samuel Brittan, Capitalism with a Human Face, Aldershot, Edward Elgar, 1995, Chapter 13.
Four income support strategies and two labour market strategies were discussed by Robert Haveman, ‘Reducing Poverty while Increasing Employment: A Primer on Alternative Strategies, and a Blueprint’, OECD Economic Studies, no. 26 (1996/I), pp. 7–42.
Copyright information
© 1998 J. L. Porket
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Porket, J.L. (1998). Households. In: Modern Economic Systems and their Transformation. St Antony’s Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26696-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26696-8_17
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-26698-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-26696-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)