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Abstract

Price-Mars’ vision of the future of Haiti would not be fulfilled in the years from 1933 through 1935. During this period the US military occupation came to an end, but this did not bring with it the realization of Price-Mars’ hopes for social change, economic development, and responsible representative democracy. Instead, he and his associates in the Senate failed in their struggle with the President to preserve representative government. Eventually, a new Constitution strengthened presidential powers and left President Vincent in control of a country in which authoritarianism and lack of the will to achieve reform would continue to be the dominant features of Haitian life for more than half a century. During this period of governmental transformation, Price-Mars continued to carry on his political and scholarly activities and to experience both expectation and frustration in his attempt to influence the future of Haiti.

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Notes

  1. Kethly Millet, Les Paysans haitiens et l’occupation américaine d’Haiti (1915–1930) (Québec, Canada: Collectif Paroles, 1978), pp. 116–19.

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  2. Robert H. Ferrell, American Diplomacy (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969), p. 825; Alexander DeConde, Herbert Hoover’s Latin-American Policy (New York: Octagon Books, 1970), pp. 82–4, 107; Public Papers, FDR, Vol. II, 1933, Address Before the Woodrow Wilson Foundation—”From Now On, War by Governments Shall be Changed to Peace by Peoples, “ December 28, 1933, 544–9; Donald B. Cooper, “The Withdrawal of United States from Haiti, 1928–1934,” Journal of Inter-American Studies, V (1963), 99.

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  3. Hogar Nicolas, L’Occupation américaine d’Haiti (Madrid: Industrias Graficas España, [1955]), p. 256; Vincent, En posant, III p. 77.

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  4. Jean-Pierre Gingras, Duvalier Caribbean Cyclone: The History of Haiti and its Present Government (New York: Exposition Press, 1967), p. 74.

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  5. David Nicholls, From Dessalines to Duvalier (Cambridge: University Press, 1979), p. 166.

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© 1996 Magdaline W. Shannon

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Shannon, M.W. (1996). Price-Mars and the Governmental Transformations of 1933–5. In: Jean Price-Mars, the Haitian Elite and the American Occupation, 1915–1935. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24964-0_7

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