Abstract
Mental health policies form an integral part of social policies concerning marginalised groups in society. Marginalisation refers in this case to a high degree of stigmatisation and relative poverty, being in need of social support above the ordinary during periods of inability to function at the same level as others, resulting in social powerlessness.1 This is also reflected in the marginality of mental health policies within the study of social policy as a discipline. Most general texts on social policy do not even mention this area, and usually just have a short section entitled ‘the disabled’ or ‘elderly and disabled people’.2
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D. Robbins, Marginalisation and social exclusion, Report to the European Commission (Brussels: Commission of European Communities, 1990).
P. Spicker, Principles of Social Welfare: An Introduction to Thinking about the Welfare State (London: Routledge, 1988).
D. Piachaud and M. Kleinman, ‘European Social Policy: Conceptions and Choices’, European Social Policy, vol. 3, no. 1 (1993); P. Levin, The Making of European Social Policy: Or, Academic concepts vs. Political Realities (London: Department of Social Administration, London School of Economics, June 1993).
S. Ramon, (ed.), Psychiatric Hospitals Closure: Myths and Realities (London: Chapman Hall, 1992).
S. Ramon, Psychiatry in Britain: Meaning and Policy (London: Croom Helm, 1985).
P. Hall, H. Land, R. Parker and A. Webb, Change, Choice and Conflict in Social Policy hasis> (London: Heinmann, 1975).
J. Habermans, Legitimation Crisis (London: Heinmann, 1976).
C. Oancea, ‘The Reform of Mental Health Care in Romania’, paper presented at the First PRISM Conference, Community Care: Making It Work (London, Institute of Psychiatry, 13–16 November 1993.
L. Hantrais, Social Policy in the European Community (London: Mac-millan, 1994).
G. Room, (ed.), Anti-poverty Action-Research in Europe (Bristol: School for Advanced Urban Studies, 1993);
M.G. Giannichedda, Italian Projects Evaluation Report (Sassari: University of Sassari, 1989).
M.G. Madianos and J. Yfantopolous, The First Monitoring Report on the Greek Psychiatric Reform: EEC Regulation 815/84 (Brussels: Commission of the European Communities DGV, 1984); C. Strutti and S. Rauber, ‘Leros and the Greek mental Health System’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 40, no. 4 (1994); J. Yfantopoulos, ‘Economic and Legal Aspects of Mental Health Policies in Greece’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 40, no. 4 (1994).
P. Warr, Work, Unemployment and Mental Health (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987).
For figures on poverty in Europe see Figure 1 in G. Room (ed.), Anti-poverty Action-research in Europe (Bristol: SAUS, 1993), pp. 12–13.
For a discussion on marginalisation see ibid, pp. 15–19 and ref. 1 above.
J. Le Grand and W. Bartlet (eds), Quasi-Markets and Social Policy (London: Macmillan, 1993).
T. Van der Grinten, ‘Mental Health Care in the Netherlands’, in S. Mangen (ed.), Mental Health Care in the European Community (London: Croom Helm, 1985), pp. 208–27.
S. Mangen (ed.), Mental Health Care in the European Community (London: Croom Helm, 1985).
M. Jones, Social Psychiatry (London: Tavistock, 1952);
K. Jones, The History of Mental Health Services in Britain (London: Routledge, 1972);
D. Mauri (ed.), La Liberta e Terapeutica? (Rome: Fletrinelli, 1986).
P. Chamberlayne, ‘Transitions in the Private Sphere in Eastern Germany’, in W. R. Lee and E. Rosenhaft (eds), The State and Social Change in Germany 1880–1980 (Bonn: Berg, 1994);
J. Finch, Family Obligations and Social Change (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989);
C. Ungerson, Policy is Personal — Sex, Gender and Informal Care (London: Tavistock, 1987);
J. Lewis and B. Meredith, Daughters who Care (London: Routledge, 1987);
J. Morris, Independent Lives: Community Care and Disabled People (London: Macmillan, 1993).
F. Basaglia, ‘Problems of Law and Psychiatry: The Italian Experience’, International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, vol. 3, (1980); pp. 17–37;
L. Mosher, ‘Italy’s Revolutionary Mental Health Law: An Assessment’, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 139, (1982), pp. 199–203.
J. Busfield, Managing Madness (London: Hutchinson, 1986);
S. Goodwin, ‘Community Care for the Mentally Ill in England and Wales: myths, assumptions and realities’, Journal of Social Policy, vol. 18, no. 1 (1989), pp. 27–52;
C. Louzoun, (ed.), Sante Mentale: Realite Europennes (Paris: Eres, 1993);
S. Mangen, (ed.), Mental Health Care in the European Community (London: Croom Helm, 1985);
S. Ramon (ed.), Psychiatry in Transition: British and Italian Experiences (London: Pluto Press, 1990).
U. Brinck, ‘Psychiatric Care and Social Support for People with Long-term Mental Illness in Sweden’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 40, no. 4 (1994); P. Crepet, ‘A Transition Period in Psychiatric Care in Italy Ten Years after the Reform’, British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 156 (1990), pp. 27–36,
R. Hill, ‘Selected Issues in Mental Health: An Introductory Paper Prepared for the Mental Health Foundation Inquiry into Community Care for Severely Mentally III People (London: Research and Development in Psychiatry, November 1993);
S. Mangen, ‘Psychiatric Policies: Developments and Constraints’, in S. Mangen (ed.), Mental Health Care in the European Community (London: Croom Helm, 1985), pp. 21–2;
Psychosoziale Umschau: Abschlubericht der Expertenkomission zum Modellprogramm der Bundesregierung in komprimierter Form veroffentlicht (Bonn: Psychiatrieverlag, Heft 4, Dez. 1988); C. Strutti and S. Rauber, ‘Leros and the Greek Mental Health System’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 40, no. 4 (1994);
V. Svab-Cotic, ‘The Continuing Care Client in Slovenia’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 40, no. 4 (1994).
I. Goffman, Asylums (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961);
F. Basaglia, (ed.), L’istuzione Negata (Milano: Einuadi, 1968);
P. Hall and I. Brockington (eds), The Closure of Mental Hospitals (London: Gaskell, 1990);
J. Chamberlin, On Our Own (London: Mind Publications, 1988);
M. O’Hagan, Stopovers on My Way Home from Mars: A Winston Churchill Fellowship Report on the Psychiatric Survivor Movement in the USA, Britain and the Netherlands (London: Survivors Speak Out, 1993).
L. Stein and M. A. Test (eds), The Training in Community Living Model: A Decade of Experience, New Directions for Mental Health Service, 26 (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985);
L. Burti and L. Mosher, Community Mental Health: Principles and Practices (New York: Norton, 1989);
T. Wainwright, ‘The Changing Perspective of a Resettlement Team’, in S. Ramon (ed.), Psychiatric Hospitals Closure: Myths and Realities (London: Chapman & Hall, 1992), pp. 43–48.
The British figure is cited in The Mental Health Foundation Inquiry into Community Care for Severely Mental III People (London: Mental Health Foundation, 1993); The Italian figure is cited in M. Tansella (ed.), Community based psychiatry: long-term patterns of care in South Verona, Psychological Medicine Monograph supplement, 19 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
A. Scull, Decarceration (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978).
S. Mangen and F. Castel, ‘France: The “Psychiatrie De Secteur”’, in S. Mangen (ed.), Mental Health Care in the European Community (London: Croom Helm, 1985);
R. Amiel, ‘France’, in H. Freeman and J. Henderson (eds), Evaluation of Comprehensive Care of the Mentally Ill (London: Gaskell, 1991); J. Comellos, ‘The Dilemmas of Chronicity in Spain’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 40, no. 4 (1994);
U. Brinck, ‘Psychiatric Care and Social Support for People with Long-Term Mental Illness in Sweden’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, vol. 40, no. 4 (1994).
J. M. Caldas-Almeida, ‘Portugal’, in H. Freeman and J. Henderson (eds), Evaluating Comprehensive Care of the Mentally Ill (London: Gaskell, 1991).
M. Beeforth, E. Conlan, V. Field, B. Hoser and L. Sayce, Whose Service Is It Anyway? Users’ views on coordinating community care (London, Research and Development in Psychiatry, The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, 1990).
D. Tomlinson, Utopia, Community Care and the Retreat from the Asylum (Milton Keynes: The Open University, 1991);
T. Wainwright, ‘The Changing Perspective of a Resettlement Team’, in S. Ramon (ed.), Psychiatric Hospital Closure (London: Chapman & Hall, 1992), pp. 3–48.
K. Wright, Cost-effectiveness in Community Care (York: Centre for Health Economics, University of York, 1987);
M. Knapp, P. Cambridge, C. Thomason, J. Beecham, C. Allen and R. Darton, Care in the Community: Challenge and Demonstration (Canterbury: Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent, 1992).
M. O’Donoll, ‘Cost Effectiveness of Community Care for the Chronic Mentally Ill’, in H. Freeman and J. Henderson (eds), The Evaluation of Comprehensive Care of the Mentally Ill (London: Gaskell, 1991), pp. 174–96.
Knapp et al., Care in the Community, op. cit.
L. M. Davies and M. F. Drummond, ‘Assessments of Costs and Benefits of Drug Therapy for Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia in the United Kingdom’, British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 162 (1993), pp. 38–42.
Ibid., p. 38.
Mental Health Act Commission, Fifth Biennial Report (Nottingham: Mental Health Act Commission, HMSO, 1993);
D. Pilgrim and A. Rogers, ‘The Mental Health Act Commission: Four Years on’, The Psychologist’s Bulletin (Leicester: The British Psychological Society, 1988).
M. Barnes, R. Bowel and M. Fisher, Sectioned: Approved Social Work and the 1983 Mental Health Act (London: Routledge, 1990).
Copyright information
© 1996 Shulamit Ramon
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ramon, S. (1996). Emerging Policy Perspectives. In: Mental Health in Europe. Issues in Mental Health. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24811-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24811-7_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-59371-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-24811-7
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)