Abstract
Expertise has traditionally been viewed as the near exclusive property of professional groups. The sweeping technological and institutional changes outlined in the Introduction, however, have begun to unravel the nexus that connects the social appropriation of knowledge to professional jurisdictions. Yet the gradual unlocking of expertise from professional control does not mean that it has taken on the ambient, free-floating form of pure knowledge. Although expertise is now more widely distributed and more contingently deployed than before, the same kind of questions that were addressed by the professional model — what counts as expertise, and how do groups acquire it? — remain valid. What is different is that answering these questions means casting our conceptual net even wider to take in not only professionalism but also more diffuse and coincidental formations of knowledge and social relations.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abbott, A. (1988) The System of Professions ( London: University of Chicago Press).
Abercrombie, N. and Urry, J. (1983) Capital, Labour and the Middle Classes ( London: Allen & Unwin).
Alvesson, M. (1993) ‘Organisation as rhetoric: knowledge-intensive firms and the struggle with ambiguity’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 30, pp. 997–1016.
Armstrong, P. (1984) ‘Competition between the organisational professions and the evolution of management control strategies’, in K. Thompson (ed.) Work, Employment and Unemployment ( Milton Keynes: Open University Press ), pp. 97120.
Armstrong, P. (1985) ‘Changing management control strategies: The role of competition between accountancy and other organisational professions’, Accounting, Organisations and Society, vol. 10, pp. 129–48.
Armstrong, P. (1992) ‘The engineering dimension and the management education movement’ in G.L. Lee and C. Smith, Engineers and Management: International comparisons ( London: Routledge ), pp. 41–53.
Baer, W. C. (1986) ‘Expertise and Professional Standards’, Work and Occupations, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 532–52.
Bailyn, L. (1988)‘Autonomy in the Industrial R&D Lab’, in R. Katz,(ed) Managing Professionals in Innovative Organisations(New York:Ballinger),pp.223–36
Berger, P. and Luckmann, T. (1967) The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge ( New York: Doubleday Anchor Books).
Blackler, F. (1994) ‘Late capitalism, Knowledge and Theories of Practice’, British Academy of Management, Annual Conference, Lancaster University, September 1994.
Burns T. and Stalker G. M. (1961) The Management of Innovation ( London: Tavistock).
Child, J., Loveridge, R., Harvey, J. and Spencer, A. (1984) ‘Microelectronics and the Quality of Employment in Services’, in P. Marstrand (ed.), New Technology and the Future of Work and Skills ( London: Frances Pinter ).
Collins, H. M. (1990) Artificial Experts: Social knowledge and intelligent machines ( London: MIT Press).
Ericsson, K. A. and Smith, J. (eds) (1991) Towards a General Theory of Expertise: Prospects and limits ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ).
Fischer, F. (1990) Technocracy and the Politics of Expertise ( London: Sage).
Foucault, M. (1979) Discipline and Punish ( Harmondsworth: Penguin).
Friedman, A. with Cornford, D. (1989) Computer Systems Development: History, organisation and implementation ( Chichester: John Wiley & Sons).
Friedson, E. (1986) Professional Powers ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Galbraith, J. K. (1969) The New Industrial State ( Harmondsworth: Penguin).
Gentner, D. R. (1988) ‘Expertise in typewriting’, in M. T. Chi, R. Glaser and M. J. Farr (eds) The nature of expertise ( Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ).
Gouldner, A. W. (1954) Wildcat Strike ( London: Routledge & Kegan Paul).
Haug, M. R. (1973) ‘Deprofessionalization: an alternative hypothesis for the future’, Sociological Review Monographs, vol. 20, pp. 195–211.
Hofstadter, D. R. (1980) Godel, Escher, Bach: An eternal golden braid ( Harmondsworth: Penguin).
Jamous, H. and Peloille, B. (1970) ‘Professions or self-perpetuating systems?’ in J. A. Jackson (ed.), Professions and Professionalization ( London: Cambridge University Press ).
Johnson, T. (1972) Professions and Power ( London: Macmillan).
Katz, R. (ed.) (1988) Managing Professionals in Innovative Organisations ( New York: Ballinger ).
Klein, J. A., Edge, G.M. and Kass, T. (1991) ‘Skill-based competition’, Journal of General Management, vol. 16, no. 4 (Summer), pp. 1–15.
Knights, D., Murray, F. and Willmott, H. (1993) ‘Networking as knowledge work: A study of interorganisational development in the financial services sector’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 30, pp. 975–96.
Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1992) ‘Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology’, Organisation Science, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 383–97.
Kreiner, K. and Schultz, M. (1993)‘Informal collaboration in R&D. The formation of networks across organizations’, Organisation Studies, vol.14,no.2,pp.189–209
Kuhn, T. S. (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Latour, B. (1987) Science in Action ( Milton Keynes: Open University Press).
Law, J. (ed.) (1991) A Sociology of Monsters: Essays on power, technology and domination ( London: Routledge ).
Lawson, H. (1989) ‘Stories about stories’, in H. Lawson and L. Appignanesi, Dismantling truth: Reality in the Postmodern World ( London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson).
Lee, G. L. and Smith, C. (eds) (1992) Engineers and Management: International comparisons ( London: Routledge ).
Lyotard, J-F. (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A report on knowledge ( Manchester: Manchester University Press).
Machlup, F. (1990) Knowledge: Its creation, distribution and economic significance, Vol. 1; ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press ).
Maister, D. H. (1985) ‘The one-firm firm: what makes it successful’, Sloan Management Review, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3–13.
Massey, D., Quintas, P. and Wield, D. (1992) High-tech Fantasies: Science parks in society, science and space ( London: Routledge).
McNeil, M. (ed.) (1987) Gender and Expertise ( London: Free Association Books ).
Merton, R. K. (1949) Social Theory and Social Structure ( Chicago: Free Press).
Mintzberg, H. (1983) Structure in Fives: Designing effective organizations ( Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).
Morgan, G. (1990) Organisations in Society ( London: Macmillan).
Nelson, R. and Winter, S. (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Organizational Change ( Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press).
Peters, T.J. (1988) ‘A skunkworks tale’, in R. Katz, (ed.) Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations ( New York: Ballinger ).
Pralahad, C. K. and Hamel, G. (1990) ‘The core competence of the corporation’, Harvard Business Review, May—June, pp. 79–91.
Quinn, J. B. (1992) ‘The intelligent enterprise: a new paradigm’, Academy of Management Executive, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 48–63.
Raelin, J. A. (1991) The Clash of Cultures: Managers managing professionals ( Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press).
Reed, M. and Anthony, P. (1992) ‘Professionalizing management and managing professionalization: British management in the 1980’s’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 591–613.
Stalk, G, Evans, P. and Shulman, L. E. (1992) ’ Competing on capabilities: The new rules of corporate strategy’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 92, pp. 57–69.
Starbuck, W. H. (1992) ‘Learning by knowledge intensive firms’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 29, no. 6 (November), pp. 713–40.
Stehr, N. (1994) Knowledge Societies ( London: Sage).
Sveiby K. and Lloyd, T. (1987) Managing Knowhow: Add value by valuing creativity ( London: Bloomsbury).
Weick, K. E. (1979) The Social Psychology of Organizing ( Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley).
Whalley, P. (1986) The Social Production of Technical Work ( London: Macmillan).
Whipp, R. and Clark, P. (1986)Innovation and the Auto Industry:Production,process and work organization (London: Frances Pinter)
Whittington, R. (1991)‘Changing control strategies in industrial R&D’,R&D Management, vol. 21, pp. 43–53
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1996 Gibson Burrell
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Scarbrough, H. (1996). Understanding and managing expertise. In: Scarbrough, H. (eds) The Management of Expertise. Management, Work and Organisations. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24394-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24394-5_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-56870-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-24394-5