Abstract
The Unionists of Ulster, led by Sir Edward Carson and his able local henchman James Craig, did not rest on their laurels. They formed their own defence organisation, the Ulster Volunteer Force; raised money and arms, planned a separate government should Home Rule be enacted; and renewed the passion and commitment of their allies in Britain, both political and military. At first determined to stop Home Rule of any sort, they watched their Conservative partners accept, by June 1912, that some such measure was unstoppable, and by late December 1912 had themselves recognised its inevitability. Thenceforward their aim was to exclude the maximum amount of territory in the north of Ireland commensurate with their own safety.
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Notes
H. H. Asquith, H. C. Debs, vol. LXVI, cols 891–2 (15 Sept. 1914).
John Redmond, H. C. Debs, vol. LXV, col. 1829 (3 August 1914). For 20 September see S. Gwynne, John Redmond’s Last Years (London, 1919), p. 155.
Terence Denman, Ireland’s Unknown Soldiers (Dublin, 1992), p. 29 (quoting Redmond’s A Visit to the Front (London, 1915), p. 38).
R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland 1600–1972 (London, 1988), p. 479.
Adam Duffin, in P. Buckland, Irish Unionism 1885–1923: a Documentary History (Belfast, 1973), p. 404.
R. McNeill, Ulster’s Stand for Union (New York,1920), p. 244.
A. T. Q. Stewart, Edward Carson (Dublin, 1981), p. 103.
Lord Lansdowne, House of Lords Debates (hereafter HL Debs), vol. XXII, col. 646 (11 July 1916).
F. S. L. Lyons, Ireland since the Famine (London, 1971), p. 389.
See also Michael Laffan, ‘The Unification of Sinn Fein’, in Irish Historical Studies, vol. XVII, no. 67 (March, 1971), pp. 353–79.
M. Laffan, The Partition of Ireland, 1911–1925 (Dundalk, 1983), p. 57.
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© 1996 David Harkness
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Harkness, D. (1996). No Compromise: 1913–18. In: Ireland in the Twentieth Century. British History in Perspective. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24267-2_2
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