Abstract
Any discussion of interdependence must first seek to establish what is meant by that term. A number of different definitions of interdependence exist which use the term as an analytical tool for examining recent and significant changes in the structures of international relations1 and which identify it variously as a phenomenon, a state and a concept.2 In practice, the word is often used interchangeably, so that it is not always clear what is being referred to. However, as Garnett points out, although there is no general agreement on what precisely interdependence is:
its flavour is unmistakable. At its simplest, interdependence refers to that fact that modern states have become increasingly interlinked, their destinies intertwined in ever more complicated ways.3
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Notes
E. L. Morse, ‘Interdependence in World Affairs’, in J. N. Rosenau, K. W. Thompson & G. Boyd, World Politics (New York: Free Press, 1976).
See P. A. Reynolds and R. D. McKinlay, ‘The Concept of Interdependence: Its Uses and Misuses’, in K. Goldmann and G. Sjostedt (eds.), Power, Capabilities, Interdependence: Problems in the Study of International Influence (London: Sage, 1979);
D. A. Baldwin, ‘Interdependence and Power: a Conceptual Analysis’, International Organization, 34(1980) no.4, pp.471–506.
J. Garnett, ‘States, State-Centric Perspectives, and Interdependence Theory’, in J. Baylis and N. J. Rengger (eds.), Dilemmas of World Politics: Inter-national Issues in a Changing World (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1992), p.74.
R. Rosecrance, A. Alexandroff, W. Koehler, J. Kroll, S. Laqueur and J. Stocker, ‘Whither interdependence?’, International Organisation, 31 (1977) no.3, pp.425–444; 427.
G. Mally, Interdependence (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1976), p.5.
O. Young, ‘Interdependencies in World Polities’, International Journal, 24 (1969), pp. 726–750.
J. Dougherty and R. Pfaltzgraff, Contending Theories of International Relations: A Comprehensive Survey, 3rd ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), p.85.
Ibid.
R. O. Keohane and J. S. Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977).
Ibid.
Ibid
See also S. J. Michalak, ‘Theoretical Perspectives for Understanding International Interdependence’, World Politics, 32(1979) no.1, pp. 136–150.
Ibid, p.664.
Ibid, p.664.
See H. J. Morgenthau, Politics among Nations (New York: Knopf, 1973).
Ibid, p.666.
R. Gilpin, ‘The Politics of Transnational Economic Relations’, in R. O. Keohane and J. S. Nye (eds.), Transnational Relations and World Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971).
For a detailed discussion of the relationship between interdependence and the exercise of power see D. Baldwin, ‘Interdependence and Power: a Conceptual Analysis’, International Organization, 34 (1980), no.4, pp. 471–506.
M. Clarke, ‘Transnationalism’, in S. Smith (ed.), International Relations: British and American Perspectives (Oxford: Basil Blackwell/British International Studies Association, 1985), p. 158.
See J. Simpson, The Independent Nuclear State: the United States, Britain and the Military Atom (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986), Chapter 1.
R. O. Keohane and J. S. Nye, ‘International Interdependence and Integration’ in F. I. Greenstein and N. W. Polsby, Handbook of Political Science (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975), pp.363–377.
See H. C. Allen, Great Britain and the United States: A History of Anglo-American Relations (London: Odhams Press, 1954)
H. G. Nicholas, The United States and Britain (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975).
See C. Bell, The Debatable Alliance (London: Oxford University Press, 1964)
J. Baylis, Anglo-American Defence Relations, 1939–1980 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1981).
This idea is proposed and developed in Baylis, Anglo-American Defence Relations. D. Reynolds considers the importance of the Anglo-American alliance in ‘A “Special Relationship”? America, Britain and the International Order since the Second World War’, International Affairs, 62 (1985–6) no.1, pp. 1–20.
B. P. White, ‘British Foreign Policy: Tradition and Change’, in R. Macridis (ed.), Foreign Policy in World Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1992).
J. Frankel, British Foreign Policy, 1945–73 (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs/Oxford University Press, 1975).
O. S. Franks, Britain and the Tide of World Affairs (London: Oxford University Press, 1955), p.25.
H. A. Kissinger, Observations (London: Michael Joseph and Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985), p. 10.
F. Northedge, Descent from Power: British Foreign Policy, 1945–73 (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1974), p. 171.
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© 1995 Helen Leigh-Phippard
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Leigh-Phippard, H. (1995). Issues of Interdependence. In: Congress and US Military Aid to Britain. Southampton Studies in International Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23919-1_2
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