Abstract
East Central European cultures tend to use two basic terms to describe national phenomena: good ‘patriotism’, which is understood to be loyalty to one’s own nationality, and bad ‘nationalism’, which is an abuse of national feelings.1 West and East European perceptions of nationalism are not compatible. For the sake of the present study some categorisation of nationalisms is therefore necessary.
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Notes and References
Dennis J. Dunn, ‘Nationalism and Religion’, in Eastern Europe: Religion and Nationalism (Washington, DC: The Wilson Center East European Program, Occasional Paper No 3, 1985), p. 33.
Peter Alter has recently suggested the following definition: ‘The nation is a politically mobilized people’ (Nationalism, London: Edward Arnold, 1989, p. 10). It may be too general, but otherwise very apt.
Andrzej Walicki, ‘Three Traditions of Polish Patriotism’, in Stanislaw Gomulka and Anthony Polonsky (eds), Polish Paradoxes, (London: Routledge, 1990), p. 22.
Alter, pp. 55–91.
See Alfred Bilmanis, A History of Latvia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951), pp. 231–57; Evald Uustalu, The History of Estonian People (London: Boreas, 1950), pp. 122–46.
Marcin Kula has recently presented various roots of chauvinist nationalism, such as the desire to save a nation from decline, to compensate for humiliation at the hands of foreign oppressors, to overcome backwardness, and so forth. Marcin Kula, Narodowe i rewolucyjne (Warsaw: ‘Więz’, 1991), pp. 30–83.
Jan Kofman, ‘Economic Nationalism in East-Central Europe in the Interwar Period’, in Henryk Szlajfer (ed.), Economic Nationalism in East-Central Europe and South America 1918–1939 (Geneve: Librairie Droz, 1990), pp. 133–250.
M. C. Kaser and E. A. Radice (eds), The Economic History of Eastern Europe 1919–1975, vol. 1, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), p. 24 ff.
See C. A. Macartney, National States and National Minorities, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934); Stephan M. Horak, Eastern European National Minorities 1919–1980 (New York: Libraries Unlimited, 1985); Raymond Pearson, National Minorities in Eastern Europe 1848–1945 (London: Macmillan, 1983).
Wojciech Roszkowski, ‘Land Reforms in East Central Europe after World War One’, in Eastern Europe and Latin America in the 20th Century (forthcoming).
‘It is Not Hopeless if You Demand’, interview with Miklos Harraszti’, Uncaptive Minds no 1, (1988), p. 16.
A comprehensive, although much exaggerated description of Polish communist nationalism may be found in Michael Checinski, Poland, Nationalism, Anti-Semitism (New York: Karz-Cohl, 1982). For instance, the term ‘final solution’, a reminder of the Nazi Holocaust, used for the communist anti-Semitic purge of 1968 is out of all proportions.
Ghita Ionescu, Communism in Rumania 1944–1962 (London: Oxford University Press, 1964); Stephen Fischer-Galati, The New Rumania (Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 1967); Trond Gilberg, ‘The Communist Party of Romania’, in Stephen Fischer-Galati (ed.), The Communist Parties of Eastern Europe (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979), pp. 281–326; Vladimir Tismaneanu, ‘Ceausescu’s Socialism’, Problems of Communism, vol. i (1985), pp. 5–62.
J. F. Brown, The New Eastern Europe. The Khrushchev Era and After (New York: F. A. Praeger, 1966), pp. 192–202.
Bennet Kovrig, Communism in Hungary from Kun to Kadar (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1979).
John D. Bell, The Bulgarian Communist Party from Blagoev to Zhivkov (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1986).
Carol Skalnik Leff, National Conflict in Czechoslovakia. The Making and Remaking of the State 1918–1987 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).
Romuald J. Misiunas and Rein Taagepera, The Baltic States. Years of Dependence 1940–1980 (Berkeley University of California Press, 1983), p. 197.
Pedro Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia 1963–1983 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984).
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Roszkowski, W. (1995). Nationalism in East Central Europe: Old Wine in New Bottles?. In: Latawski, P. (eds) Contemporary Nationalism in East Central Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23809-5_2
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