Abstract
Because they lack capital and technology, developing countries have to depend on human resources for growth. Unfortunately low productivity frequently inhibits economic development. China is in such a situation.
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Notes and References
Chūgoku Keizai Kenkyūjo (Chinese Economy Institute) (ed.), Shin Chūgoku Nenkan 1984 Nenban (New Yearbook of China 1984) (Tōkyō: Daishūkan), pp. 268–73.
Statistical Yearbook of China 1989 p. 811. For a discussion in English of China’s education system, see John N. Hawkins, Education and Social Change in the People’s Republic of China (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1983).
UNESCO, Statistical Yearbook 1987, pp. iii-242, 244. India’s figure was 0.78 per cent in 1980.
Zhongguo Jiaotong Nianjianshe (China Transportation Yearbook Office) (ed.) 1986 Zhongguo Jiaotong Nianjian (Transportation Yearbook of China 1986), p. 203. The thermal efficiencies of steam engines, electric engines and diesel engines were 6–8 per cent, 20 per cent and 35 per cent respectively (China: Socialist Economic Development vol. 2, [Washington DC: World Bank, 19831, p. 329).
Seiichi Nakajima, ‘China’s Energy Problems’, Developing Economies, Dec. 1982, p. 477; Guojia Tongjiju Guding Zichan Touzi Tongjisi (State Statistics Bureau, Fixed Asset Investment Statistics Department) (ed.), Zhongguo Guding Zichan Touzi Tongji Ziliao 1950–85 (China Statistical Data on Fixed Asset Investment 1950–1985) (Beijing: China Statistics Press, 1987), pp. 92, 94, 223; Statistical Yearbook of China 1987 pp. 243–4, 496; Statistical Yearbook of China 1988 pp. 570–1, 607–9; Statistical Yearbook of China 1989 pp. 488–9, 525–7.
Sun Shangqing, Chūgoku Keizai no Shinro (New Ways of the Chinese Economy)(Tōkyō: Tsubasa Shoin, 1982), pp. 22, 206.
Jin Luzhong, `Study on the Development Strategy of Communication and Transport Industry in China’, a paper presented at the Meeting on Comparative Development Policies, 20–25 Feb. 1989, Beijing, p. 5.
Unyushō Unyu Seisakukyoku Jōhō Kanribu (Ministry of Transport, Transport Policy Bureau, Research and Data Processing Department), Unyu Keizai Tōkei Yōran Shōwa 63 Nenban (Handbook of Transport Economy Statistics 1988), pp. 24–5.
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© 1994 Ryōshin Minami
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Minami, R. (1994). The Foundation Stones of Economic Growth. In: The Economic Development of China. Studies on the Chinese Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23172-0_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23172-0_4
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