Abstract
The communal assembly, consisting of those men who have the right to vote at the assembly, heard the application of the village elder on behalf of the wish of the brothers Vasilii Ivanov Sovetov and Sergei Ivanov Sovetov to take their share from the holdings of their family, that is, to divide into separate households. The head of the household, the eldest member of the family, has agreed ... Both the younger and the older brother have agreed to the apportionment [of shares], and therefore, the elder called the assembly, especially in view of the first point: the cause for the division is just and well-founded. Those wishing to divide have no arrears and there can be none because these are landless peasants dividing. In light of this, the communal assembly determined to permit the division . . . 15 February 1888, Village of Ibashevo, Rostov District, Vladimir1’
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
NOTES AND REFERENCES
Gosudarstvennyi Muzei Etnografii Narodov SSSR, Rukopisnyi otdel, fond 7, Etnograficheskii biuro V. N. Tenisheva (hereafter Tenishev Archive), opis′ 1, delo 90, listy 27–8.
Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, Zemskii Otdel, Svod zakliuchenii gubernskikh soveshchanii po voprosam otnosiashchimsia k zakonodatel′stvu o krest′ianakh, vol. II (St P., 1897), p. 202.
F. Barykov et al. (eds), Sbornik materialov dlia izucheniia sel′skoi pozemel′noi obshchiny (St P., 1880), p. 174.
Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, Zemskii Otdel, Zakonodatel′nye materialy po voprosam otnosiashchimsia k ustroistvu sel’skogo sostoianiia, vypusk I (St P., 1899), p. 5.
Cathy A. Frierson, Razdel: The Peasant Family Divided’, The Russian Review, 46, no. 1 (January 1987), 35–51.
I use the term ‘houseful’ following Peter Laslett in his ‘Family and Household as Work and Kin Group: Areas of Traditional Europe Compared’ , in Richard Wall (ed.), Family Forms in Historic Europe (Cambridge, 1983), p. 514.
This pattern was described in the Tenishev Archive, d. 244 (Vologda), 11. 26–8; d. 427 (Viatka), 1. 11; d. 644 (Nizhnii Novgorod), l. 7.
This is the pattern described throughout the reports in the Tenishev Archive. V. A. Fedorov summarises these reports in his ‘ Semeinye razdely v russkoi poreformennoi derevne’ , in Sel′skoe khoziaistvo i krest′ianstvo severo-zapada RSFSR v dorevoliutsionnyi period (Smolensk, 1979), pp. 29–52. Also see A. Shustilov, ‘ Pravo semeinoi i lichnoi sobstvennosti sredi krest′ian Kadnikov-skogo uezda. (Materialy po obychnomu pravu)’, Zhivaia Starina, 1909, vyp. 1, 48; M. Dovnar-Zapol′skii, ‘Ocherki semeistvennogo obychnogo prava kres-t′ian Minskoi gubernii, Gl. III (okonchanie)’, Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, 1897, no. 2, 8; and Sbornik svedenii dlia izucheniia byta krest′ianskogo naseleniia Rossii. Vypusk III: V. P. Tikhonov, Materialy dlia izucheniia obychnogo prava sredi krest′ian Sarapul′skoRo uezda Viatskoi gubernii (M., 1891), pp. 29–58.
Tenishev Archive, op. 1, d. 214 (Vologda).
F. A. Shcherbina, Svodnyi sbornik po 12 uezdam Voronezhskoi gubernii (Voronezh, 1897), p. 314; N. N. Chernenkov, K kharakteristike krest′ianskogo khoziaistva, vypusk I, 2nd edn (M., 1918), pp. 44–6.
V. A. Aleksandrov, Obychnoe pravo krepostnoi derevni Rossii XVII-nachalo XIX v. (M., 1984), p. 68.
Peter Czap, Jr., ‘The Perennial Multiple Family Household, Russia, 1782–1858’, Journal of Family History, 7, no. 1 (Spring 1982), p. 22.
Ibid., pp. 14–15.
Ibid., p. 22.
Peter Czap, Jr., “A Large Family: The Peasant’s Greatest Wealth”: Serf Households in Mishino, Russia, 1814–1858’, in Family Forms in Historic Europe, pp. 135–6.
O. Barykov, Obychai nasledovaniia u gosudarstvennykh krest′ian (St P., 1862), p. 10.
Trudy kommissii po preobrazovaniiu volostnykh sudov, vol. I (St P., 1873–4), pp. 10, 12, 13, 20, 36, 48, 59, 77, 95, 102, 117, 124, 134, 142, 168, 175, 185, 204, 212, 224, 234, 253, 280, 293, 298, 341, 441, 450, 460, 486, 624, 641.
Doklad vysochaishe uchrezhdennoi kommissii dlia issledovaniia nyneshnego polozheniia sel′skogo khoziaistva i sel′skoi proizvoditel′nosti v Rossii. Prilozhenie I (St P., 1873), p. 253.
George Yaney, The Urge to Mobilize. Agrarian Reform in Russia, 1861–1930 (Urbana, 1982), pp. 38–9.
Doklad vysochaishe uchrezhdennoi kommissii, p. 253. For individual responses on the frequency of divisions see Prilozhenie VI, pp. 9, 17, 25, 35, 70, 86, 160, 164, 172, 247, 275.
M. V. D., Z. 0., Zakonodatel′nye materialy, pp. 88–91.
Ibid., p. 39.
Calculated on the basis of figures in Z. M. and N. A. Svavitskie, Zemskie podvornye perepisi 1880–1913, pouezdnye itogi (M., 1926), pp. 4–6 of Tables.
V. A. Kolesnikov, Krest′ianskoe khoziaistvo bol′shoi i maloi sem′i (Iaroslavl′, 1903), pp. 9–13.
See for example comparisons in V. Trirogov, Obshchina i podat′ (St P., 1882), pp. 72–3; Kolesnikov, op. cit., pp. 9–24; P. P. Semenov’s study of the Muraevenskaia volost′ in Riazan’ province in Sbornik materialov dlia izucheniia sel′skoi pozemel′noi obshchiny, pp. 139–43.
M. V. D., Z. 0., Svod zakliuchenii, p. 241; Doklad vysochaishe uchrezhdennoi kommissii, Prilozhenie VI (St P., 1873), p. 253; D. I., ‘ Zametki sem’i v Novgorodskoi gubernii’ , in Sbornik narodnykh iuridicheskikh obychaev, Zapiski IRGO, vol. II (St P., 1900), pp. 51–96; S. V. Pakhman, ‘ Ocherk narodnykh iuridicheskikh obychaev Smolenskoi gubemii’ , in ibid., p. 71; and F. A. Shcherbina’ s study, Svodnyi sbornik po 12 uezdam Voronezhskoi gubernii (Voronezh, 1897).
Frierson, Razdel: The Peasant Family Divided’ , pp. 43–4.
Michael Confino, ‘ Russian Customary Law and the Study of Peasant Mentalities’ , Russian Review, 44, no. 1 (January 1985), p. 41.
Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, Trudy redaktsionnoi kommissii po peresmotru zakonopolozhenii o krest′ianakh, vol. V (St P., 1903–04), p. 274.
See note 20 above.
Sbornik materialov dlia izucheniia ... obshchiny, p. 136.
Ibid., pp. 106–7.
Ibid., p. 174.
Ibid., p. 203.
Ibid., pp. 221, 237, 253, 296, 328–9, 377.
S. Ponomarev, ‘ Semeinaia obshchina na Urale’, Severnyi; vestnik, 1887, no. 1, pt. 2, 5–6.
Ibid., p. 6.
Ibid., p. 28.
Ibid., p. 24.
M. V. D., Z. 0., Zakonodatel′nye materialy, p. 6.
Ibid., pp. 20–1.
M. V. D., Z. 0., Svod zakliuchenii, pp. 233–4.
Arkhangel′sk, Astrakhan′, Bessarabia, Vilna, Vitebsk, Vologda, Voronezh, Ekaterinoslavl′, Kazan′, Kostroma, Kursk, Mogilev, Nizhnii Novgorod, Olonets, Orenburg, Orel, Perm′, Podolia, Pskov, Riazan′, Samara, St Petersburg, Saratov, Simbirsk, Smolensk, Tambor, Tauride, Tver′, Kherson, Iaroslavl′: ibid., pp. 198–261.
Viatka, Novgorod, Ufa: ibid., pp. 205, 223, 260.
Ibid., p. 224.
Ibid., p. 234.
Ibid., p. 238.
Ibid., pp. 202, 227, 259.
Tenishev Archive, op. 1, d. 1496, 1. 58 (Saratov); d. 1513, 1. 42 (Simbirsk); d. 516, 1. 6 (Kaluga); d. 1450, 1. 20 (Riazan′); d. 644, 1. 10 (Nizhnii Novgorod); d. 786, 1. 22 (Novgorod).
Ibid., d. 136, 11. 1–2 (Vologda).
Ibid., d. 335, 1. 23 (Vologda).
Ibid., d. 35, 1. 10 (Novgorod).
Ibid., d. 427, 1. 9 (Viatka).
A. A. Titov, luridicheskie obychai sela Nikola-Perevoz, Sulotskoi volosti, Rostovskogo uezda (Iaroslavl′, 1888), p. 62; P. M. Bogaevskii, ‘ Zametki o iuridicheskom byte krest′ian Sarapul′skogo uezda, Viatskoi gubernii’, in Sbornik svedenii dlia izucheniia byta krest′ianskogo naseleniia Rossii (obychnoe pravo, obriady, verovaniia, i pr.), vypusk I (M., 1889), p. 23; P. I. Astrov, ‘ Ob uchastii sverkhestestvennoi sily v narodnom sudoproizvodstve krest′ian Elatomskogo uezda, Tambovskoi gubernii’, in Sbornik svedenii dlia izucheniia byta, p. 147; Sbornik materialov dlia izucheniia ... obshchiny, p. 173; Tenishev Archive, op. 1, d. 516 (Kaluga), 11. 1–6 and d. 644 (Nizhnii Novgorod), 1. 10: also Tikhonov. Materialv dlia izucheniia obychnogo prava nn 68–9
f55. Tenishev Archive, op. 1, d. 579 (Kostroma), I. 2; d. 810 (Novgorod), 1. 37; d. 914 (Orel), 1. 17; d. 1812 (Iaroslavl’), 11. 15–17; d. 516 (Kaluga), 1. 5; d. 427 (Viatka), 1. 18; d. 6 (Vladimir), 1. 12; d. 35 (Vladimir), 1. 15; d. 136 (Vologda), I. 19; d. 257 (Vologda), I. 11; d. 1513 (Simbirsk), 11. 54–5.
Ibid., d. 1714 (Smolensk), 1. 24; d. 1587 (Smolensk), 11. 2–4; d. 1725 (Tver′), 1. 42; d. 43 (Vladimir), 1. 6.
Ibid., d. 374 (Vologda), 1. 16; d. 1587 (Smolensk), 11. 2–4; d. 644 (Nizhnii Novgorod), 1. 2; d. 43 (Vladimir) 1. 6.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1990 School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Frierson, C.A. (1990). Peasant Family Divisions and the Commune. In: Bartlett, R. (eds) Land Commune and Peasant Community in Russia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20646-9_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20646-9_18
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-20648-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-20646-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)
