Abstract
Fate as doom is a familiar and notorious motif in Marxist accounts of bourgeois society. Without doubt the canonical text is The Communist Manifesto with its mordant observations on bourgeois ‘progress’, and its bitter prophecy. ‘What the bourgeoisie produces, above all,’ wrote Marx and Engels,1 ‘is its own gravediggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable.’
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Notes
K. Marx and F. Engels (1968) ‘The Communist Manifesto’, in Selected Works in One Volume, London, Lawrence & Wishart, p. 46.
M. Berman (1982) All That Is Solid Melts into Air, London, Verso, p. 238.
W. Benjamin (1976) Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism, London, Verso.
See F. W. Taylor (1964) Scientific Management, New York, Harper & Row.
See, for example, H. Braverman (1974) Labour and Monopoly Capital New York, Monthly Review Press
A. Gorz (1976) (ed.) The Division of Labour, Brighton, Harvester/Humanities Press
G. Salaman (1981) Class and the Corporation, Glasgow, Fontana
G. Simmel (1971) ‘Eros, Platonic and Modern’, in On Individuality and Social Forms, University of Chicago Press, p. 238.
See, for example, C. Rojek (1985) Capitalism and Leisure Theory, London, Tavistock
J. Clarke and C. Critcher (1985) The Devil Makes Work, London, Macmillan
J. Kelly (1987) Freedom To Be, London, Macmillan
J. M. Brohm (1978) Sport: A Prison of Measured Time, London, Interlinks p. 90.
K. Marx (1964) The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, New York, International Publishers, p. 157.
B. Franklin (1986) The Autobiography and Other Writings, Harmond-sworth, Penguin.
See G. Kolko (1961) ‘Max Weber on America: Theory and Evidence’, History and Theory, Vol. 1, pp. 243–60.
For a commentary on Franklin’s influence see M. Ossowska, (1986) Bourgeois Morality, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
M. Weber (1984) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, London, Allen & Unwin.
S. Smiles (1986) Self Help, Harmondsworth, Penguin, p. 174.
F. Gibbon (1934) William A. Smith of the Boys’ Brigade, Glasgow, Collins, p. 36.
See A. Gorz (1980) Farewell to the Working Class, London, Pluto
(1983) Paths to Paradise, London, Pluto
For a general evaluation of positive discrimination for the ‘leisure rich’ see A. Veal (1987) Leisure and the Future, London, Allen & Unwin.
J. Springhall (1977) Youth, Empire and Society, London, Croom Helm.
See, in particular N. Abercrombie, S. Hill and B. S. Turner (1980) The Dominant Ideology Thesis, London, Allen and Unwin
(1986) Sovereign Individuals of Capitalism, London, Allen and Unwin.
P. Bourdieu (1984) Distinction, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
J. Habermas (1974) ‘The Public Sphere’, New German Critique 1:3.
D. M. Lowe (1982) History of Bourgeois Perception, Brighton, Harvester.
B. Winston (1986) Misunderstanding Media, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
The phrase is Stuart Hall’s. See his ‘Media power and class power’ (1986) in J. Curran, J. Ecclestone, G. Oakley and A. Richardson (eds) Bending Reality, London, Pluto.
For a lively study of consumer responses to Dallas see I. Ang (1985) Watching Dallas, London, Metheun.
See A. de Swaan (1981) ‘The Politics of Agrophobia’ Theory and Society, 10, pp. 359–85.
B. S. Turner (1984) The Body and Society, Oxford, Blackwell, p. 200.
A. Gouldner (1954) Patterns of Industrial Democracy, Toronto, Collier-Macmillan.
L. Mumford (1966) The City in History, Harmondsworth, Penguin, p. 557.
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© 1989 Chris Rojek
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Rojek, C. (1989). Leisure and ‘The Ruins of the Bourgeois World’. In: Rojek, C. (eds) Leisure for Leisure. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19527-5_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19527-5_6
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