Skip to main content

Non-intellective Factors in Dynamic Assessment

  • Chapter
Cultural Diversity and Learning Efficiency

Abstract

The assessment of non-intellective factors in a test situation is of critical importance for the understanding of a child’s test performance as well as for explaining learning difficulties in school and in everyday activities. Elaborated theories have referred to the relationship between intellectual development and various aspects of motivation and personality (Harter, 1978, 1980; Hunt, 1965; McClelland, 1961; White, 1959). Many investigators have related cognitive development and scholastic achievement to intrinsic motivation (Haywood, 1971; Haywood and Burke, 1975), competence motivation (Harter, 1980), locus of control (Stipek and Weisz, 1981; Findley and Cooper, 1983), achievement motivation (Alschuler, 1973; McClelland, 1961) and anxiety (Kirkland, 1971). Surprisingly, however, research on the effects of various non-intellective factors on test performance is scarce especially in the area of dynamic assessment of cognitive performance.

The authors gratefully acknowledge Social Sciences Humanities Research Council, Canada (grant no. 410-84-0034-R2), for their support of this project and the many people at the Hadassah-WIZO-Canada Research Institute and the Learning Centre who contributed to it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 34.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achenbach, T., Zigler, E. (1968), ‘Cue-learning and problem-learning strategies in normal and retarded children’, Child Development, 39, 827–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alschuler, A. S. (1973), Developing achievement motivation in adolescents, (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Educational Technology Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ausubel, D. P. (1968), Educational psychology: A cognitive view, (New York: Delta Book).

    Google Scholar 

  • Atema, J. M., Samle, T. G., van Lieshart, K. F. M., Hartup, W. C. (1972), ‘Age of subject, type of social contact, and responsiveness to social reinforcement’, Journal of Genetic Psychology, 120, 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, J. W. (1964), An introduction to motivation, (Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand).

    Google Scholar 

  • Balla, D., Styfco, S. J., Zigler, E. (1971), ‘Use of the opposition concept and outdirectedness in normal, familial retarded and organic retarded children’, American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 75, 663–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1971), ‘Current patterns of parental authority’, Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4, 1–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benware, C. A., Deci, E. L. (1984), ‘Quality of learning with an active versus passive motivational set’, American Educational Research Journal, 21, 755–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berlyne, D. E. (1960), Conflict, arousal, and curiosity, (New York: McGraw-Hill).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Day, H. I. (1971), ‘The measurement of specific curiosity’ in H. I. Day, D. E. Berlyne, D. E. Hunt (eds), Intrinsic motivation: a new direction in education, (Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston), pp. 99–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deci, E. L. (1975), Intrinsic motivation, (New York: Plenum).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, J. A., Fishman, A., Kogan, L., North, R., Whiteman, M. (1964), ‘Guidelines for testing minority group children’, Journal of Social Issues, 20, 127–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1968), Identity: Youth and Crisis, (New York: Norton).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R., Hoffman, M. B., Jensen, M. R., Rand, Y. (1985), ‘Instrumental Enrichment, an intervention program for structural cognitive modifiability: Theory and practice’ in J. W. Segal, S. F. Chipman, R. Glaser (eds), Thinking and Learning Skills, vol. 1 (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum). pp. 43–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R., Rand, Y., Hoffman, M. B. (1979), The dynamic assessment of retarded performers, (Baltimore: University Park Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R., Rand, Y., Hoffman, M. B., Miller, R. (1980), Instrumental Enrichment, (Baltimore: University Park Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Findley, M. J., Cooper, H. M. (1983), ‘Locus of control and academic achievement: A literature review’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 419–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmid, M. L. (1970), ‘Instructional options: Adapting the large university course to individual differences’, Learning and development, no. 5 (Montreal: Centre for Learning and Development, McGill University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1978), ‘Effectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model’, Human Development, 21, 34–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1981), ‘A model of intrinsic mastery motivation in children: Individual differences and developmental change’, Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, vol. 14 (Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1981), ‘A new self-report scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation in the classroom: Motivational and informational components’, Developmental Psychology, 17, 300–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S., Zigler, E. (1968), ‘Effectiveness of adult and peer reinforcement on the performance of institutionalized and non-institutionalized retardates’, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73, 144–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haywood, H. C. (1968), ‘Motivational orientation of overachieving and underachieving elementary school children’, American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 72, 662–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haywood, H. C. (1971), ‘Individual differences in motivational orientation: A trait approach’ in H. I. Day, D. E. Berlyne, D. E. Hunt (eds), Intrinsic motivation: A new direction in education, (Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston), pp. 113–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haywood, H. C., Burke, W. P. (1975), ‘Development of individual differences in intrinsic motivation’ in I. E. Uygins, F. Weizmann (eds), The structuring of experience, (New York: Plenum), pp. 235–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilliard, A. G. (1979), ‘Standardization and cultural bias as impediments to the scientific study and validation of “intelligence”’, Journal of Research and Development in Education, 12, 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, J. McV. (1965), ‘Intrinsic motivation and its role in psychological development’ in D. Levine (ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation vol. 13 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press), pp. 189–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkland, M. (1971), ‘Effects of tests on students and schools’, Review of Educational Research, 41, 303–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefcourt, H. M. (1976), Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research, (Hillsdale, N. J.: G. Erlbaum).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepper, M. (1980), ‘Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in children: Detrimental effects of superfluous social controls’, Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, vol. 14 (Hillesdale, N. J.: Erlbaum), pp. 155–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcia, J. E. (1980), ‘Identity in adolescence’ in J. Adelson (ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology, (New York: John Wiley), pp. 159–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. H. (1968), Toward a psychology of being, (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maw, W. H., Maw, E. W. (1970), ‘Children’s curiosity and parental attitudes’, Child Development, 41, 123–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, R. (1967), Psychology of the human dilemma, (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold).

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D. C. (1961), The achieving society, (New York: Free Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McCoy, N., Zigler, E. (1965), ‘Social reinforcer effectiveness as a function of the relationship between child and adult’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 604–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, J. (1973), Labeling the mentally retarded, (Berkeley: University of California Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunnally, J. C., Lemond, L. C. (1973), ‘Exploratory behaviour and human development’ in L. P. Lipsitt, H. W. Reese (eds), Advances in Child Development and Behaviour, (New York: Academic Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Phares, E. J. (1976), Locus of control in personality, (Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Postman, N., Weingartner, C. (1969), Teaching as a subversive activity, (New York: Delta Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. R. (1982), ‘The problem of bias in psychological assessment’ in C. R. Reynolds, T. B. Gutkin (eds), The handbook of school psychology, (New York: John Wiley).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. R. (1983), ‘Test bias: In God we trust; all others must have data’, The Journal of Special Education, 17, 241–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R. (1961), On becoming a person, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J. B. (1966), ‘Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement’, Psychological Monographs, 80 (1, Whole No. 609).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarr, S. (1981), ‘Testing for children: Assessment and the many determinants of intellectual competence’, American Psychologist, 36, 1159–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1975), Helplessness: On depression, development and death, (San Francisco: Freeman).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, H. W., Fahel, L. S. (1961), ‘The effect of social reinforcement on the performance of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized normal and feebleminded children’, Journal of Personality, 29, 136–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stipek, D. J., Weisz, J. R. (1981), ‘Perceived personal control and academic achievement’, Review of Educational Research, 51, 101–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terrell, G. Jr., Durkin, K., Wiesley, M. (1959), ‘Social class and the nature of the incentive in discrimination learning’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 270–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tzuriel, D. (1984), ‘Sex role typing and ego identity in Israeli Oriental and Western adolescents’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 440–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, J., Balla, D., Zigler, E. (1971), ‘Social approach and avoidance tendencies of institutionalized retarded and non-institutionalized retarded and normal children’, Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 5, 98–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. W. (1959), ‘Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence’, Psychological Review, 66, 297–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. L. (1974), ‘From dehumanization to black intellectual genocide: A rejoinder’ in G. J. Williams, S. Gordon (eds), Clinical child psychology: Current practices and future perspectives, (New York: Behavioral Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yando, R., Zigler, E. (1971), ‘Outerdirectedness in the problem-solving of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized normal and retarded children’, Developmental Psychology, 4, 277–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E. (1963), ‘Rigidity and social reinforcement effects in the performance of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized normal and retarded children’, Journal of Personality, 31, 258–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E. (1971), ‘The retarded child as a whole person’ in H. E. Adams, W. K. Boardman (eds), Advances in Experimental Clinical Psychology, vol. 1 (New York: Pergamon).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., Abelson, W. D., Seitz, V. (1973), ‘Motivational factors in the performance of economically disadvantaged children in the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test’, Child Development, 44, 294–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., Balla, D., Hodapp, R. (1984), ‘On the definition and classification of mental retardation’, American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 215–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., Butterfield, E. C. (1968), ‘Motivational aspects of changes in IQ test performance of culturally deprived nursery school children’, Child Development, 39, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., de Labry, J. (1962), ‘Concept-switching in middle-class, lower-class and retarded children’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 267–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zigler, E., Yando, R. (1972), ‘Outdirectedness and imitative behavior of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized younger and older children’, Child Development, 43, 413–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1988 Rajinder M. Gupta and Peter Coxhead

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tzuriel, D., Samuels, M.T., Feuerstein, R. (1988). Non-intellective Factors in Dynamic Assessment. In: Gupta, R.M., Coxhead, P. (eds) Cultural Diversity and Learning Efficiency. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19131-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics