Abstract
GABA (4-aminobutanoic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) may be the most important inhibitory synaptic transmitter in mammalian brain. Although it possesses a relatively simple molecular structure, GABA appears to selectively activate a number of structurally specific receptors which are linked to a variety of sites that interact with certain classes of centrally active drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines. GABA receptors may be part of complex domains consisting of specific binding sites for transmitters and modulators, channels for specific ions and associated gating apparatus, and enzyme complexes. The behaviour of GABA receptors is likely to be highly dependent on the local environment and this may explain many of the apparent differences between GABA receptor properties studied in situ by electrophysiological means and those studied in vitro by ligand binding techniques.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ALLAN, R.D. & JOHNSTON, G.A.R. (1983). Synthetic analogs for the study of GABA as a neurotransmitter. Medicinal Res. Rev., 3, 91–118.
ALLAN, R.D., CURTIS, D.R., HEADLEY, P.M., JOHNSTON, G.A.R., KENNEDY, S.M.E., LODGE, D. & TWITCHIN, B. (1980a). Cyclobutane analogs of GABA. Neurochem. Res., 5, 43–50.
ALLAN, R.D., CURTIS, D.R., HEADLY, P.M., JOHNSTON, G.A.R., LODGE, D. & TWITCHIN, B. (1980b). The synthesis and activity of cis-and trans-2-(aminomethyl)cyclopropane carboxylic acid as conformationally restricted analogues of GABA. J. Neurochem., 34, 651–655.
ALLAN, R.D., HIERN, B.P., JOHNSTON, G.A.R., KAZLAUSKAS, R. & RZEZNICZAK, H. (1984). Isothiouronium salts as GABA agonists. Clin. exp. Pharmac. Physiol. (in press).
AULT, B. & NADLER, J.V. (1983). Physiological evidence for two pharmacologically distinct, bicuculline-insensitive actions of GABA in the rat hippocampal slice. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 9, 411.
BOWERY, N.G. (1983). Baclofen: 10 years on. Trends Phann. Sci., 3, 400–403.
CURTIS, D.R., GAME, C.J.A., JOHNSTON, G.A.R. & McCULLOCH, R.M. (1974). Central effects of beta-(p-chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid. Brain Res., 70, 493–499.
DAVIES, J. & WATKINS, J.C. (1974). The action of betaphenyl-GABA derivatives on neurones in the cat cerebral cortex. Brain Res., 70, 501–505.
GALLAGHER, J.P. & SHINNICK-GALLAGHER, P. (1983). Electrophysiological characteristics of GABA-receptor complexes. In The GABA Receptors, Enna, S.J. (ed.), pp. 25–61, New Jersey: Humana Press.
HILL, D.R. & BOWERY, N.G. (1981). 3H-Baclofen and 3H-GABA bind to bicuculline-insensitive GABAB sites in rat brain. Nature, 290, 149–152.
HOLAN, G. (1975). Mode of action ofDDT-new aryl-alicyclic and heterocyclic insecticides. In Environmental Quality and Safety, Suppl. Vol. III: Pesticides. Coulston, F. & Korte, F. (eds) pp. 359–364. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme.
HOLAN, G., O’KEEFE, D.F., VIRGONA, C. & WALSER, R. (1978). Structural and biological link between pyrethroids and DDT in new insecticides. Nature, 272, 734–736.
JOHNSTON, G.A.R. (1976). Physiologic pharmacology of GABA and its antagonists in the vertebrate nervous system. In GABA in Nervous System Function. Roberts, E., Chase, T.N. & Tower, D.B., (eds) pp. 394–411, New York: Raven Press.
JOHNSTON, G.A.R. (1981). GABA receptors. In The Role of Peptides and Amino Acids as Neurotransmitters. Lombardini, J.B. & Kenny, A.D., (eds) pp. 1–17, New York: Alan Liss.
JOHNSTON, G.A.R., ALLAN, R.D., KENNEDY, S.M.E. & TWITCHIN, B. (1978). Systematic study of GABA analogues of restricted conformation. In GABA-Neurotransmitters. Krogsgaard-Larsen, P., Scheel-Kruger, J. & Kofod, H. (eds) pp. 149–164, Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
JOHNSTON, G.A.R., CURTIS, D.R., BEART, P.M., GAME, C.J.A., McCULLOCH, R.M. & TWITCHIN, B. (1975). Cis and trans-4-aminocrotonic acid as GABA analogues of restricted conformation. J. Neurochem., 24, 157–160.
KATAEV, E.G., KONOVALOVA, L.K. & YARKOVA, E.G. (1969). Addition of thio- and selenourea to acetylenic acids and their esters. Zhur. Org. Khim., 5, 610–614.
KRANTIS, A. & KERR, D.I.B. (1981). GABA induced excitatory responses in the guinea-pig small intestine are antagonised by bicuculline, picrotoxinin and chlorideion blockers. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmac., 317, 257–261.
KROGSGAARD-LARSEN, P., JACOBSEN, P. & FALCH, E. (1984). Structure-activity requirements of the GABA receptor: In The GABA Receptors. Enna, S.J. (ed.), pp. 149–176. New Jersey: Humana Press.
KROGSGAARD-LARSEN, P. & JOHNSTON, G.A.R. (1978). Structure-activity studies on the inhibition of GABA binding to rat brain membranes by muscimol and related compounds. J. Neurochem., 30, 1377–1382.
KROGSGAARD-LARSEN, P., JOHNSTON, G.A.R., CURTIS, D.R., GAME, C.J.A. & McCULLOCH, R.M. (1975). Structure and biological activity of a series of conformationally restricted analogues of GABA. J. Neurochem., 25, 803–809.
LAWRENCE, L.J. & CASIDA, J.E. (1983). Stereospecific action of pyrethroid insecticides on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex. Science, 221, 1399–1401.
McPHERSON, G.A. (1983). A practical computer based approach to analysis of radioligand binding experiments. Comput. Prog. Biomed., 17, 107–114.
MUNSON, P.J. & RODBARD, D. (1980). LIGAND: a versatile computerised approach for characterisation of ligand-binding systems. Anal. Biochem., 107, 220–239.
SKERRITT, J.H., JOHNSTON, G.A.R., KATSIKAS, T., TABAR, J., NICHOLSON, G.M. & ANDREWS, P.R. (1983). Actions of pentobarbitone and derivatives with modified 5-butyl substituents on GABA and diazepam binding to rat brain synaptosomal membranes. Neurochem. Res., 8, 1337–1350.
SKERRITT, J.H., WILLOW, M. & JOHNSTON, G.A.R. (1982). Diazepam enhancement of low affinity GABA binding to rat brain membranes. Neurosci. Lett., 29, 63–66.
SQUIRES, R.F., CASIDA, J.E., RICHARDSON, M. & SAEDERUP, E. (1983). [35S]t-Butylbicyclophosphorothionate binds with high affinity to brain specific sites coupled to γ-aminobutyric acid-A and ion recognition sites. Mol. Pharmac., 23, 326–336.
SUPAVILAI, P. & KAROBATH, M. (1983). Differential modulation of [35S]TBPS binding by the occupancy of benzodiazepine receptors with its ligands. Eur. J. Pharmac., 91, 145–146.
WEATHERBY, R.P., ALLAN, R.D. & JOHNSTON, G.A.R. (1984). Resolution of the stereoisomers of baclofen by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Neurosci. Methods, 10, 23–28.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Copyright information
© 1984 Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Johnston, G.A.R. et al. (1984). GABA receptors and related binding sites. In: Paton, W., Mitchell, J., Turner, P., Padgham, C., Ashcroft, E. (eds) IUPHAR 9th International Congress of Pharmacology London 1984. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17615-1_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17615-1_26
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-37136-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-17615-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)