Abstract
The July crisis has been studied by so many historians in such detail that it scarcely seems possible to learn anything new about it. Notwithstanding the availability of the Documenti diplomatici italiani, Italy in most studies is accorded the most minor part in the crisis. The exception, naturally, is provided by Italian historians who, following the lead of Luigi Albertini, have both over-emphasised Italian power and over-concentrated on what Albertini stigmatised as San Giuliano’s amorality, his ‘second-rate Machiavellism’.1
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Notes and References
R. Pryce, ‘Italy and the Outbreak of the Fitst World War’, CHJ, lci (1954) 224.
B. Vigezzi, Da Giolitti a Salandra (Florence, 1969) p.84.
S. Scaroni, Con Vittorio Emanuele III, p.27; N. Bolla, II segreto di due re (Milan, 1951 ) p. 197.
L. Cadorna, Lettere famigliari, ed. R. Cadorna (Milan, 1967 ) p. 102.
A. Salandra, Italy and the Great War (London, 1932); Martini, Diario p.320.
J. Whittam, ‘War and Italian society 1914–1916’, in B. Bond and I. Roy (eds), War and Society(London, 1975 ) p. 153.
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A. Salandra, La neutralità italiana (1914): ricordi e pensieri (Milan, 1928) p.348.
B. Vigezzi, ‘Le “radiose giornate” del maggio 1915 nei rapporti dei prefetti’, NRS, XLLY (1960) 110.
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E.g. E. M. Gray The Bloodless War (New York, 1916 ) pp. 56–7.
M. Degl’Innocenti, Storia della cooperazione in Italia (Rome, 1977) pp.303–5.
See generally B. Vigezzi, ‘L’opinione pubblica italiana e la Francia nell’estate 1914’, NRS, Ltx (1975).
A. J. Rhodes, The Poet as Superman (London, 1959 ) p. 140.
J. Joll, Intellectuals in Politics: three biographical essays (London, 1960) p.162.
Cited by R. N. Stromberg. ‘The Intellectuals and the Coming of War in 1914’, JES, 3 (1973) 111.
G. M. Trevelyan, Scenes from Italy’s War (London, 1919 ) p. 1.
E.g. see Leed, No Man’s Land R. Wohl, The Generation of 1914 (London, 1980).
See G. E. Silberstein, The Troubled Alliance: German Austrian Relations 1914 to 1917 ( Lexington, Kentucky, 1970 ).
See G. E. Torrey, ‘The Rumanian-Italian Agreement of 23 September 1914’, SEER XLLY (1966).
G. E. Torrey, ‘Rumania and the Belligerents 1914–1916’, JCH, 1 (1966)pp.180–3. De Martino had also anxiously suggested the preservation of the wire to Bucharest. SP, 47, 1, 27 Jan 1915, De Martino to Sonnino.
G. Giolitti, Discorsi extraparlamentari (Turin, 1952) p.262.
See C. De Biase, La rivelazione di Giolitti del dicembre 1914 (Modena, 1960 ).
A. Monticone, Nitti e la Grande Guerra (Milan, 1961) pp.7–14.
See B. Vigezzi, ‘Le radiose giornate del maggio 1915 nei rapporti dei prefetti’, NRS 43–4 (1959–60).
J. R. Rodd, Social and Diplomatic Memories 1902–1919 (London, 1925 ) vol. 3, p. 253.
A. Fogazzaro, Malombra, trans. T. Fisher (London, 1896 ).
C. Sforza, L’Italia dal 1914 al 1944 (Milan, 1944) p.13.
A. Gramsci, Selections from Political Writings (1910–1920), ed. Q. Hoare (London, 1977 ) pp. 6–9
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© 1983 Richard Bosworth
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Bosworth, R. (1983). Italy and the Great War. In: Italy and the Approach of the First World War. The Making of the 20th Century. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17022-7_6
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