Abstract
The impact of environmental management on international trade and the location of production, as outlined in Chapter 3 and 4, has been examined under the implicit assumption that the internalisation of environmental externalities and its impact on competitive relationships between nations proceeds without government interference. In other words, as processes and products are modified to meet collectively-established environmental norms, the costs are fundamentally reflected in product prices or factor returns, and the international competitive effects — both short and long term — are allowed to work themselves out via normal competitive relationships within the context of the market.
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Further Reading
J. H. Cumberland, ‘The Role of Uniform Standards in International Environmental Management’, in Problems of Environmental Economics ( Paris: O.E.C.D., 1972 ).
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Industrial Pollution and International Trade ( Geneva: GATT, 1971 ).
Charles Pearson and Wendy Takacs, ‘International Economic Implications of Environmental Control and Pollution Abatement Programs’, in United States Economic Policy in an Interdependent World, Compendium of Papers, vol. 1 ( Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1971 ).
Ingo Walter, ‘Pollution and Protection: U.S. Environmental Controls as Competitive Distortions’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv (March 1974).
Ingo Walter, ‘Environmental Control and Patterns of International Trade and Investment: An Emerging Policy Issue’, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review (March 1972).
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© 1975 Ingo Walter
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Walter, I. (1975). Neutrality of Instruments: Pollution, Protection and Efficiency of Policy. In: International Economics of Pollution. Problems of Economic Integration. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15625-2_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15625-2_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-19009-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-15625-2
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