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Accelerators

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Techniques in Nuclear Structure Physics

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Abstract

The multiple-stage voltage doubler circuit developed by Cockcroft and Walton was the first accelerator successfully to accelerate ions in the laboratory to a sufficiently high energy to cause nuclear reactions.1, 2 Previous to this development the only nuclear reactions which had been observed were those which could be produced by high-energy naturally occurring radiations such as alpha particles. The basic operation of the voltage doubler circuit is illustrated in figure 3.1(a). A high-voltage step-up transformer supplies an output voltage with a peak value of ±V. One end of the secondary, A0, is grounded and so the other end, B0, varies sinusoidally betweenthe peak values V and — V.This end Bof the transformer secondary is attachedto one side of a capacitor C0. The other side of C0 is connected to B,. B, is connected to Ao by the diode rectifier D0 which is in such a configuration that it conducts when the voltage of B, is less than the voltage of A0. The point A0 is connected to the point Al by the capacitor C, and A, is connected to B, by the diode rectifierD, which conducts when the voltage of B, is greater than that of Al. The network A0, A1, B0, B1, C0, C,, D0 and D1 constitutes a single-voltage doubling stage and by operating several such stages in cascade a corresponding increase in voltage is obtained at the points A in these stages. Initially all the capacitors C 0, C1, etc., are uncharged so that the voltages of all the points A0, Al, etc., and B0, B1, etc., are the same.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Birmingham, UK

    J. B. A. England

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England, J.B.A. (1974). Accelerators. In: Techniques in Nuclear Structure Physics. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15544-6_3

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