Abstract
Various advocacy movements for people with learning difficulties have been developed in Britain over the last twenty years. The 1960s and 1970s were an unparalleled time of social unrest in the United Kingdom and America. They created a climate of self-determination, self-direction, assertion of specific interests and an active announcement of the need for the rights to citizenship to be acknowledged (Rhoades et al. 1986). The slogan ‘power to the people’ emerged as a true reflection of the energy of this era. For many minority groups, including people with learning difficulties, an outcry was made for social reform.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Reference
Audit Commission (1989). Developing community care for adults with a mental handicap. Occasional Paper, 9 October. HMSO, London.
Barker, I. & Peck, E. (1990). Snakes and ladders. Insight, 9 May, 20–1.
Blanch, R. (1985). Citizen advocacy. Nursing Mirror. 3 April.
Booth, T. (1990). Better lives: Changing services for people with learning difficulties. Social Services Monographs: Research in practice. CCETSW, London.
Brandon, D. (1990a). Gentle teaching. Nursing Times. 86 (2), 62–3.
Brandon, D. (1990b). Editorial comments. Community Living. April.
Brechin, A. & Swain, J. (1987). Changing relationships. Shared action planning with people with mental handicap. Harper & Row, London.
Brechin, A. & Swain, J. (1988). Professional/client relationships: Creating a working alliance with people with learning difficulties. Disability, Handicap and Society. 3 March.
Carle, N. (1984). Key concepts in the community based services. CMH Publications, London.
Department of Health (1989). Caring for people. Community care in the next decade and beyond. HMSO, London.
DHSS (1971). Better services for the mentally handicapped. HMSO, London.
Dowson, S. (1990a). Keeping it safe. Self-advocacy by people with learning difficulties and the professional response. Challenge to consensus. Values into Action, London.
Dowson, S. (1990b). Why not let self-advocacy spreak for itself? Community Living. 9 October.
Hadley, J. (1988). Speaking for one and all. Community Care. 27 September, 145–6.
Kaufman, S. (1984). Friendship coping systems and community adjustment of mildly retarded adults.
Cited in Rhoades et al. (1986) Rehabilitation Literature. 47 (1–2), 2–7.
King’s Fund (1985). Advocacy and people with long term disabilities. A report of a conference held at the King’s Fund Centre. King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London.
King’s Fund (1988). Ties and connections: An ordinary community life for people with learning difficulties. King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London.
McMillan, I. (1991). Dorrell pledges RNMHs will not be discarded. Nursing Times. 3 July. 87 (27), 7.
Oliver, M. (1990). The politics of disablement. Macmillan Education Ltd, Basingstoke.
PSSRU (1990). Lessons from a demonstration programme Care in the Community. 9 May PSSRU, University of Kent.
Rhoades, C., Browning, P. & Thorn, E. (1986). Self help advocacy movement: A promised peer support system for people with mental disability. Rehabilitation Literature. 47 (1–2), 2–7.
Rogers, C. (1978). Carl Rogers on personal power. Constable, London.
Rowe, N. (1990). A sense of pride. Community Living. April.
Ryan, J. & Thomas, P. (1980). The politics of mental handicap. Penguin, Harmondsworth.
Sang, B. & O’Brien, J. (1984). Advocacy: the UK and American experience. King’s Fund project paper 51. King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London.
Shearer, A. (1986). Building communities. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Shoultz, B. (1985). Making it work through self-advocacy CMH Newsletter. 40 (Spring), 9.
Sines, D. (ed.) (1988). Towards integration: Comprehensive services for people with mental handicaps. Harper & Row, London.
Taylor, J. (1986). Mental handicap: Partnership in the community. Office of Health Economics/Mencap, London.
United Nations (1971). Declaration of rights of mentally retarded persons. General Assembly Resolution 2856 ( XXVI).
Williams, P. & Shoultz, B. (1982). We can speak for ourselves. Souvenir, London.
Wolfensberger, W. (1972). The principle of normalisation in human services. National Institute of Mental Retardation, Toronto.
Wolfensberger, W. (1977). A multi-component advocacy and protection schema. Canadian Association of Mental Retardation, Toronto.
Wolfensberger, W. (1988). Social role valorisation: A proposed new term for the principle of normalisation. Mental Retardation. 35 (6), 234–9.
Wolfensberger, W. & Zauha, H. (1973). Citizen advocacy. National Institute of Mental Retardation, Toronto.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1993 The contributors
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Young, J. (1993). Advocacy. In: Brigden, P., Todd, M. (eds) Concepts in community care for people with a learning difficulty. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12863-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12863-1_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-57246-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-12863-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)