Abstract
The attention ofthe world’s media during the 1980s has focused on the drama of US-Soviet relations, lurching from ‘Evil Empire’ epithets and war psychosis to tentative arms cuts and talk of a new era, yet the biggest story of the decade may in fact be the normalization of SinoSoviet relations. The normalization process was slow, and characterized by three distinct pauses, yet it was surprisingly steady, and evermore- comprehensive. The relationship has been transformed.
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Notes
See ‘The Strategic Context’ and ‘The Roots of Friction: Cultural, Territorial, Geo-political and Ideological’, in C. G. Jacobsen, SinoSoviet Relations Since Mao: The Chairman’s Legac?, New York, Praeger, 1981, chs 1 and 2; and C. G. Jacobsen, Annual Surveys of Soviet Politico-Military Relations with China (and Japan), in Soviet Armed Forces Annual (SAFRA?, Gulf Breeze, Academic International, vol 1–10, 1977–87.
The Military Balance 1984–8?, IISS, London, September 1984.
Takako Ito (of Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs), The Soviet Proposals for Asian Collective Security: Brezhnev, Gorbachev and the CSC?, unpublished paper, presented to Carleton University, 6 April 1988; also FBIS-SOV-88–074?
The Time?, 11 August 1986.
See arms and arms trade development survey, in SIPRI Yearbook 1987; Le Mond?, 17 January 1987.
Izvesti?, 19 December 1986; see also ‘China and Vietnam’, The Economis?, 10 January 1987; and ‘CPSU Documents and Analysis’, Novost?, 25 December 1986.
China’s relaxed assessment of Cam Ranh Bay was first developed in Shijie Zhish?, 16 March 1986.
Compare Hanoi’s claim, in The Guardia?, 13 January 1987, with Beijing’s reaction, in Le Mond?, 14 January 1987.
Far Eastern Economic Revie?, 13 November 1986, p 32–41. Vietnamese arms imports 1977–81 are traced in SIPRI Yearbook 198?; arms imports 1982–86 are listed in SIPRI Yearbook 1987?
Far Eastern Economic Revie?, 11 December 1986; India received 40 MiG 29s (the first exports of this most recent variant), air-to-air missiles, ten Mi 26 Halo helicopters, and the apparent promise of a Soviet counter to planned Pakistani AWACS acquisition - presumably the Il 76 Mainstay. This was followed by the first export/lease of a nuclear attack submarine.
See, for example, ‘Supporters of Old-Style Soviet Methods Gain Ground in China’, International Herald Tribun?, 14–15 February 1987.
See, for example, International Herald Tribun?, 10 February 1987.
See report in the (London) Time?, 4 April 1987.
Gorbachev’s interview with the Indonesian paper Merdek?, 22 July 1987; see also Far Eastern Economic Revie?, 6 August 1987.
Statement of Rear Admiral William O. Studeman, US Navy, Director of Naval Intelligenc?, before the Seapower and Strategic and Critical Materials Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee on Intelligence Issues, Washington DC, 1 March 1988.
See, for example, Christian Science Monito?, 3 November 1987.
Pravd?, 3 December 1988.
Moscow Radio Peace and Progress, 22 January 1988, FBIS-SOV-88–022?
Moscow International Service, 14 January 1988, FBIS-SOV-88–007?
Liaowan?, Beijing, December 1987; Izvesti?, 11 January 1988.
Tanjug (Belgrade), 25 December 1987, FBIS-SOV-87–248?
Liaowan?, 17 December 1984.
Financial Time?, 22 August 1986.
Estimate by China’s official news agency; see C. G. Jacobsen, ‘Moscow’s Far Eastern Posture’, in SAFRA ?, 1986; also Moscow International Service, 3 January 1988, FBIS–SOV–88–00?, and Izvesti?, 23 January 1988.
Guoji Shangba?, 4 April 1985; Financial Time?, 12 December 1986; Moscow International Service, 3 January 1988, FBIS–SOV–88–003; Izvesti?, 23 January 1988.
Xinhu?, 3 April 1985; FBIS–CHI–85–071?
FBIS–SOV–85–080?
Soviet Weekl?, 20 and 27 September 1986; see also Pravd?, 19 May 1986.
Ibid.
International Herald Tribun?, 20 October 1986.
Financial Time?, 12 December 1986.
Moscow International Service, 3 January 1988, FBIS–SOV–88–003; Economis?, 11 June 1988.
SAFR? volumes (note 1); see also, for example, Defence of Japa?, Japanese Defence Agency, Tokyo, 1986.
C. G. Jacobsen, ‘Soviet Military Expenditures and the Soviet Military Burden’, SIPRI Yearbook 198?, pp. 263–74; and C. G. Jacobsen, ‘Soviet Strategy: The Naval Dimension’, International Defence Revie?, October 1986, pp. 1431–6.
Beijing Revie?, 14 April1986; Zhou Peide, ‘Development and Modernization of Defence Industry in China’, Defence Journa?, nos 5 and 6, 1986; and ‘China Forges on with Radical Military Reform’, Defence New?, 16 June 1986.
J. G. Hines and P. A. Peterson, ‘Changing the Soviet System of Control’, International Defence Revie?, March 1986; N. V. Ogarkov, Istoria Uchit Bditelnost?, Moscow, Voenizdat, 1985; M. V. Gareev, M. V. Frunze — Voyennyy Teoreti?, Moscow, Voenizdat, 1985.
Ibid.
Rear-Admiral Studeman’s testimony, Washington, DC, 1 March 1988, cf. note 15.
R. Fieldhouse, ‘Chinese Nuclear Forces: Overview and Ambitions’, in C. G. Jacobsen, ed., The Uncertain Course: New Weapons, Systems and Mindset?, Oxford, Oxford University Press, April 1987; and Aviation Week and Space Technolog?, 12 January 1987.
C. Hollingworth, NATO’s Sixteen Nation?, December 1985/January 1986.
Defence New?, 16 June 1986, see also Le Mond?, 20 February 1986.
For a full account, see SIPRI Yearbook 198? and SIPRI Yearbook 198?; also International Defence Revie?, November and December 1984.
Financial Time?, 10 October 1986; and Aerospace Dail?, 6 November 1986. Purchases from Western Europe were somewhat more substan-tial: see SAFRA ? (note 1).
Hong Kong Chiu Shi Nien Ta?, 1 April 1986, transl. FBIS, 4 April 1986.
See Sunday Telegrap? (London) 21 February 1988 — for statement by Xu Wenyi, former Chinese Ambassador to Mongolia.
Ibid, quoting from an article in Beijing Revie? by Huan Xiang, director of the State Council’s Center for International Studies.
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© 1989 Carl G. Jacobsen
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Jacobsen, C.G. (1989). Sino-Soviet Relations: New Perspectives. In: Jacobsen, C.G. (eds) Soviet Foreign Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11341-5_9
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