Abstract
The essay will begin by describing the principal features of the common agricultural policy of the European Economic Community and indicating the effects of this policy on the level of agricultural self-sufficiency and on agricultural exports in the Community (Section I). This will be followed by a review of changes over time in average rates of agricultural protection in the EEC, Japan, and the United States (Section II). Information will further be provided on the welfare cost of industrial country agricultural protection (Section III) and on the possible effects of the removal of such protection on trade and economic welfare in the industrial and in the developing countries (Section IV). The essay will next consider the incentive policies applied by the developing countries and the potential welfare effects of these policies (Section V). Subsequently, the combined effects of agricultural protection in the industrial countries, developing countries, and the European socialist countries will be analyzed (Section VI). In the conclusions, the policy implications of the findings will be drawn.
Keywords
- Trade Liberalization
- Common Agricultural Policy
- European Economic Community
- World Market Price
- Land Prex
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Notes
U. Koester and M. D. Bale, ‘The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Community. A Blessing or a Curse for Developing Countries?’ World Bank Staff Working Paper, Number 630 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1984) Tables 1 and 2.
M. Honma, and Y. Hayami, ‘Structure of Agricultural Protection in Industrial Countries,’ Journal of International Economics, XX (1986), 115–291. Table 1 — The figures refer to the weighted average of nominal rates of protection for wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize, rice, sugar-beet, potatoes, beef, pork, chicken, eggs, and milk, calculated for the major EEC countries.
J. S. Hillman and R. A. Rothenberg, ‘Wider Implications of Protecting Japan’s Rice Farmers,’ The World Economy, VIII (1985) pp. 47–8.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Country Economic Survey. Japan (Paris: OECD, 1985).
R. Tyers and K. Anderson, ‘Distortions in World Food Markets: A Quantitative Assessment,’ Background Paper prepared for the World Development Report, 1986 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1986) mimeo.
World Bank, World Development Report 1986 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1986) Box 6.6.
A. S. Yeats, ‘The Influence of Trade and Commercial Barriers on the Industrial Processing of Natural Resources,’ World Development, IX (1981) pp. 485–94.
A. Valdés, and J. Zietz, ‘Agricultural Protection in OECD Countries: Its Cost to Less Developed Countries,’ Research Report No. 21 (Washington, DC: International Food Research Institute, 1980).
J. Zietz and A. Valdés, ‘The Costs of Protectionism to Developing Countries. An Analysis for Selected Agricultural Products,’ World Bank Staff Working Paper Number 769 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1986) Tables 1 and 2.
B. Balassa and Associates, The Structure of Protection in Developing Countries (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971) and Development Strategies in Semi-Industrial Economies (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982).
N. Roger, ‘Trade Policy Regimes in Developing Countries’ (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1985) mimeo.
Valdés, ‘Agriculture in the Uruguay Round: Interests of Developing Countries,’ The World Bank Economic Review, I (1987) pp. 571–94.
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© 1989 Bela Balassa
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Balassa, B. (1989). Agricultural Policies and International Resource Allocation. In: New Directions in the World Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10588-5_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10588-5_9
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