Abstract
Agricultural protection which reduces import demand effectively depresses world commodity prices. Though Japan does not subsidize her agricultural exports, her ever-growing trade surplus due to competitive industrial production enhances political pressure on the part of all major agricultural exporters — the US, the EC, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Thailand, etc. — which demand liberalized import access on foodstuffs on which they happen to enjoy greater competitive advantages.
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Notes
In variations these arguments are found in the following publications: Yukata Yoshioka (Chairman, Japan Intl. Agric. Council), ‘Business before Politics’, Speaking of Japan, no. 7, May 1986, pp. 22–6; Yoshio Okawara (Japanese Ambassador to the US), ‘Japan’s Farm Policy’, Speaking of Japan’, no. 5, Feb. 1984, pp. 7–10; Hidero Maki (Deputy Dir. Gen. for Int. Aff., MAFF), ‘On Japan-US Agricultural Relations’ in JIAC (ed), Views from Japan on Farm Trade Issues (Tokyo 1985), pp. 1–5; Keiki Owada (President, Agric. Pol. Research Committee), ‘Japan’s Agriculture and US-Japan Agricultural Trade Issues’, op. cit., pp. 5–9, Hiroya Sano (Dir. Gen., Econ. Aff. Bureau, MAFF) ‘Towards a Mutual Solution of Japan US Farm Issues’, op. cit., pp. 10–12; Yukata Yoshioka, Foreign Trade — Tool or Weapon?, op. cit., pp. 15–19; Iwao Taki (Insp. Gen., Japan Consumer Information Centre), ‘What Agriculture Means to the Japanese’, op. cit., pp. 19–22; Yasuji Ota (President, Japan Meat Info. Center) ‘Perspectives on the Japanese Beef Market’, op. cit., pp. 22–6; Ichiro Nakagawa (then Min. of Agric.) and Susumu Yamaji, ‘Foreign Expectations of Japan’s Agriculture Are too High’, Look Japan, 10 Mar. 1978, pp. 1–4: Nobuo Imamura (Dir. Gen. Econ. Aff. Bureau, MAFF), ‘Japan’s Food, Agriculture and Trade’, op. cit., pp. 3–4; Eichi Nakao (Chairman, Diet Agric. Forestry and Fishery Committee), ‘Japan-US Trade and Japan’s Agriculture’, op. cit., p. 5; Saburo Fuyita (President, Zenchu) and Osamu Morimoto (President, Norinchunkin Bank) ‘Better Understanding of Japan’s Agriculture Needed for Trade Negotiations’, op. cit., pp. 6–11; Gebhard Hielscher and Yutaka Yoshioka, ‘Ministry Defends Present Trade Policy’, op. cit., PP. 8–9.
Iwao Yamajuchi (Zenchu Senior Executive Director), ‘Establishing New Rules on Agricultural Trade’ in Zenchu (ed.), Position of the Japanese Farmers on Farm Trade Issues (Tokyo, 1984) p. 25.
A first indication of this policy shift was given by Y. Yoshioka, op. cit., (1983) p. 18. For details see Agric. Policy Council, Basic Directions of Agricultural Policies towards the 21st Century (Tokyo, Nov. 1986).
Adapted from MAFF, Japan’s Market for Agricultural Products (Feb. 1986) p. 4.
Adapted from JETRO, Japan’s Agricultural and Imports of Agricultural Products AG-9 (Tokyo, 1982) pp. 7/8; and: Focus Japan, Jan 1984, JS-A.
Hideo Sato and Timothy J. Curran, ‘Agricultural Trade: the Case of Beef and Citrus’ in I. M. Dester and H. Sato (eds), Coping with US-Japanese Economic Conflicts (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1982) 121–83.
Albrecht Rothacher, Economic Diplomacy between the European Community and Japan 1959–1981 (Aldershot, Hants: Gower, 1983) pp. 103 and 147.
PA Consulting Service, EC Wines and Liquor Study, vol. I, Tokyo, 1985, pp. 23 and 50;
European Business Council, The Japanese Whisky Market, Tokyo 1985, Section 4.5.
Agric. Policy Council, Basic Direction Of Agricultural Policies Towards the 21st Century (Tokyo, Nov. 1986) p. 19.
For the Japanese position see Japan Whaling Association, Whaling: Questions and Answers (Tokyo, 1983); C. W. Nicol, ‘The Whaling Controversy’, Look Japan, 10 Oct. 1982; Kunio Yonezawa (counsellor to the Japan Fisheries Association), ‘Japan: a Whaling Nation’, Speaking of Japan, Dec. 1981, pp. 10–11.
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© 1989 Dr Albrecht Rothacher
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Rothacher, A. (1989). International Implications. In: Japan’s Agro-Food Sector. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10303-4_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10303-4_9
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