Abstract
Because of their larger size the cells of the lower vertebrate retinae have been examined preferentially in the classical studies on intracellularly recorded responses. We may therefore continue with this study by considering further features.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baylor, D. A. & Fettiplace, R. (1975a) Light path and photon capture in turtle photoreceptors. J. Physiol. 248, 434–464.
Baylor, D. A. & Fettiplace, R. (1975b) Transmission of signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells in the eye of the turtle. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 40, 528–536.
Baylor, D. A. & Fettiplace, R. (1977) Transmission from photoreceptors to ganglion cells in turtle retina. J. Physiol. 271, 391–424.
Baylor, D. A. & Fuortes, M. G. F. (1970) Electrical responses of single cones in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 207, 77–92.
Baylor, D. A., Fuortes, M. G. F. & O’Bryan, P. M. (1971) Receptive fields of cones in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 214, 265–294.
Baylor, D. A. & Hodgkin, A. L. (1973) Detection and resolution of visual stimuli by turtle photoreceptors. J. Physiol. 234, 163–198.
Baylor, D. A., Hodgkin, A. L. & Lamb, T. D. (1974) The electrical response of turtle cones to flashes and steps of light. J. Physiol. 242, 685–727.
Baylor, D. A., Hodgkin, A. L. & Lamb, T. D. (1974) Reconstruction of the electrical responses of turtle cones to flashes and steps of light. J. Physiol. 242, 759–791.
Bortoff, A. & Norton, A. L. (1967) An electrical model of the vertebrate photoreceptor cell. Vision Res. 7, 253–263.
Brown, J. E. & Major, D. (1966) Cat retinal ganglion cell dendritic fields. Exp. Neurol. 15, 70–78.
Brown, K. T. & Crawford, J. M. (1967) Melanin and the rapid light-evoked responses from pigment epithelium cells of the frog eye. Vision Res. 7, 165–178.
Brown, K. T. & Murakami, M. (1964) A new receptor potential of the monkey retina with no detectable latency. Nature 201, 626–628.
Brown, K. T. & Wiesel, T. N. (1961) Analysis of the intraretinal electroretinogram in the intact cat eye. J. Physiol. 158, 229–256.
Brown, K. T. & Wiesel, T. N. (1961) Localization of origins of electroretinogram components by intraretinal recording in the intact cat eye. J. Physiol. 158, 257–280.
Burckhardt, D. A. (1970) Proximal negative response of frog retina. J. Neurophysiol. 33, 405–420.
Carr, R. E. & Siegel, I. M. (1970) Action spectrum of the human early receptor potential. Nature 225, 89–90.
Cavaggioni, A., Sorbi, R. T. & Turini, S. (1972) Efflux of potassium from the isolated frog retina: a study of the photic effect. J. Physiol. 222, 427–445.
Cervetto, L. & Piccolino, M. (1974) Synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and horizontal cells in the turtle retina. Science 183, 417–418.
Cone, R. A. (1964) Early receptor potential of the vertebrate retina. Nature 204, 736–739.
Cone, R. A. & Brown, P. K. (1967) Dependence of the early receptor potential on the orientation of rhodopsin. Science 156, 536.
Cone, R. A. & Cobbs, W. H. (1969) Rhodopsin cycle in the living eye of the rat. Nature 221, 820–822.
Conner, J. D., Detwiler, P. B. & Sarthy, P. V. (1985) Ionic and electrophysiological properties of retinal Müller (glial) cells of the turtle. J. Physiol. 362, 79–92.
Copenhagen, D. R. & Owen, W. G. (1976) Functional characteristics of lateral interactions between rods in the retina of the snapping turtle. J. Physiol. 259, 251–282.
Cunningham, R. A. & Miller, R. F. (1980) Electrophysiological analysis of taurine and glycine actions on neurons of the mudpuppy retina. I. Intracellular recordings. II. ERG, PNR and Müller cell recordings. Brain Res. 197, 123–138, 139–151.
Daw, N. W. (1968) Colour-coded ganglion cells in the goldfish retina: extension of their receptive fields by means of new stimuli. J. Physiol. 197, 567–592.
Debecker, J. & Zanen, A. (1975) Intensity functions of the early receptor potential and of the melanin fast photovoltage in the human eye. Vision Res. 15, 101–106.
Dick, E. & Miller, R. F. (1978) Light-evoked activity in mudpuppy retina: its relationship to the b-wave of the electroretinogram. Brain Res. 154, 388–394.
Dowling, J. E. & Werblin, F. S. (1969) Organization of retina of the mudpuppy Necturus maculosus I. Synaptic structure. J. Neurophysiol. 32, 315–335.
Faber, D. S. (1969) Analysis of the slow transretinal potentials in response to light. PhD Thesis, University of New York at Buffalo. (Quoted by Miller & Dowling, 1970.)
Fain, G. L. (1975a) Interactions of rod and cone signals in the mudpuppy retina. J. Physiol. 252, 735–769.
Fain, G. L. (1975b) Quantum sensitivity of rods in the toad retina. Science 187, 838–841.
Fain, G. L., Gold, G. H. & Dowling, J. E. (1975) Receptor coupling in the toad retina. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 40, 547–651.
Fujimoto, M. & Tomita, T. (1981) Field potentials induced by injections of potassium into the frog retina: a test of current interpretations of the electroretinographic (ERG) b-wave. Brain Res. 204, 51–64.
Fuortes, M. G. F. & Hodgkin, A. L. (1964) Changes in time scale and sensitivity in the ommatidium of Limulus. J. Physiol. 172, 239–263.
Fuortes, M. G. F., Schwartz, E. A. & Simon, E. J. (1973) Colour-dependence of cone responses in the turtle retina. J. Physiol.234, 199–216.
Goldstein, E. B. & Berson, E. L. (1969) Cone dominance of the human early receptor potential. Nature 222, 1272–1273.
Govardovskii, V. I. (1975) The sites of generation of early and late receptor potentials in rods. Vision Res. 15, 973–980.
Granit, R. (1947) Sensory Mechanisms of the Retina. London: Oxford University Press.
Granit, R. & Riddell, H. A. (1934) The electrical responses of light- and dark-adapted frog’s eyes to rhythmic and continuous stimuli. J. Physiol. 81, 1–28.
Hanawa, I., Takahashi, K. & Kawamoto, N. (1971) A correlation of embryogenesis of visual cells and early receptor potential in the developing retina. Exp. Eye Res. 23, 587–594.
Hodgkin, A. L. & O’Bryan, P. M. (1977) Internal recording of the early receptor potential in turtle cones. J. Physiol. 267, 737–766.
Kaneko, A. (1973) Receptive field organization of bipolar and amacrine cells in the goldfish retina. J. Physiol. 235, 133–153.
Kaneko, A. & Shimazaki, H. (1975) Synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar and horizontal cells in the carp retina. Cold. Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 40, 537–546.
Kaneko, A. & Yamada, M. (1972) S-potentials in the dark-adapted retina of the carp. J. Physiol. 227, 261–273.
Karwoski, C.J. & Proenza, L.M. (1978) Light-evoked changes in extracellular potassium concentration in mudpuppy retina. Brain Res. 142, 513–530.
Kühne, W. & Steiner, J. (1880) Uber das electromotorische Verhalten der Netzhaut. Unt. physiol. Inst. Univ., Heidelberg, 3, 327–377.
Kühne, W. & Steiner, J. (1881) Uber electrische Vorgänge im Sehorgane, loc. cit. 4, 64–168.
Lamb, T. D. & Simon, E. J. (1977) Analysis of electrical noise in turtle cones. J. Physiol. 272, 435–468.
Lasansky, A. (1971) Synaptic organization of cone cells in the turtle retina. Phil. Trans. 262, 365–381.
Leeper, H. F. & Copenhagen, D. R. (1979) Mixed rod-cone responses in horizontal cells of snapping turtle retina. Vision Res. 19, 407–412.
Miller, R. F. & Dowling, J. E. (1970) Intracellular responses of the Müller (glial) cells of mudpuppy retina: their relation to bwave of the electroretinogram. J. Neurophysiol. 33, 323–341.
Murakami, M. & Kaneko, A. (1966) Differentiation of PIII subcomponents in cold blooded vertebrate retinas. Vision Res. 6, 627–636.
Murakami, M. & Pak, W. L. (1970) Intracellularly recorded early receptor potential of the vertebrate photoreceptors. Vision Res. 10, 965–975.
Naka, K. I. & Rushton, W. A. H. (1966) S-potentials from colour units in the retina of fish (Cypridinae), J. Physiol. 185, 536–555.
Naka, K. I. & Witkovsky, P. (1972) Dogfish ganglion cell discharge resulting from extrinsic polarization of the horizontal cells. J. Physiol. 223, 449–460.
Newman, E. A. (1979) B-wave currents in the frog retina. Vision Res. 19, 227–234.
Newman, E. A. (1980) Current source-density analysis of the b-wave of frog retina. J. Neurophysiol. 43, 1355–1366.
Newman, E. A. & Odette, L. L. (1984) Model of electroretinogram b-wave generation: a test of the K+ hypothesis. J. Neurophysiol. 51, 164–182.
Neyton, J., Piccolino, M. & Gerschenfeld, H. M. (1981) Involvement of small-field horizontal cells in feedback effects on green cones of the turtle retina. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 78, 4616–4619.
Noell, W. K. (1954) The origin of the electroretinogram. Am. J. Ophthal. 38, 78–90.
Normann, R. A. & Pochobradsky, J. (1976) Oscillations in rod and horizontal cell membrane potential: evidence for feedback to rods in the vertebrate retina. J. Physiol. 261. 15–29.
Oakley, B. (1977) Potassium and the photoreceptor-dependent pigment epithelium hyperpolarization. J. Gen. Physiol. 70, 405–425.
Oakley, B. (1983) Effects of maintained illumination upon [K+]0 in the subretinal space of the isolated retina of the toad. Vision Res. 23, 1325–1337.
Oakley, B. & Green, D. G. (1976) Correlation of light-evoked changes in retinal extracellular potassium concentration with c-wave of the electroretinogram. J. Neurophysiol. 39, 1117–1133.
Ohtsuka, T. (1983) Axons connecting somata and axon terminals of luminosity-type horizontal cells in the turtle retina: receptive field studies and intracellular injections of HRP. J. Comp. Neurol. 220, 191–198.
Penn, R. D. & Hagins, W. A. (1969) Signal transmission along retinal rods and the origin of the electroretinographic a-wave. Nature 233, 201–205.
Piccolino, M. (1986) Horizontal cell: historical controversies and new interest. Progr. Retinal Res. 5, 147–163.
Richter, A. & Simon, E. J. (1975) Properties of centre-hyperpolarizing, red-sensitive bipolar cells in the turtle retina. J. Physiol. 248, 317–334.
Schwartz, E. A. (1973) Organization of ON-OFF cells in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 230, 1–14.
Schwartz, E. A. (1974) Responses of bipolar cells in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 236, 211–224.
Schwartz, E. A. (1975a) Responses of single rods in the turtle. J. Physiol. 232, 503–514.
Schwartz, E. A. (1975b) Rod-rod interaction in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 246, 617–638.
Schwartz, E. A. (1975c) Cones excite rods in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 246, 639–651.
Schwartz, E. A. (1976) Electrical properties of the rod syncytium in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 257, 379–406.
Sillman, A. J., Ito, H. & Tomita, T. (1969) Studies on the mass receptor potential of the isolated frog retina. I. Vision Res. 9, 1435–1442.
Simon, E. J. (1973) Two types of luminosity horizontal cells in the retina of the turtle. J. Physiol. 230, 199–211.
Steinberg, R. H. (1969) Comparison of the intraretinal b-wave and d.c. component in the area centralis of cat retina. Vision Res. 9, 317–331.
Steinberg, R. H., Schmidt, R. & Brown, K. T. (1970) Intracellular responses to light from cat pigment epithelium: origin of the electroretinogram c-wave. Nature 227, 728–730.
Stell, W. K. (1967) The structure and relationships of horizontal cells and photoreceptor-bipolar synaptic complexes in goldfish retina. Amer. J. Anat. 121, 401–424.
Stell, W. K. (1976) Functional polarization of horizontal cell dendrites in goldfish retina. Invest. Ophthal. 15, 895–908.
Svaetichin, G. (1956) Spectral response curves from single cones. Acta physiol. Scand. 39, Suppl. 134, 17–46.
Tomita, T. (1965) Electrophysiological study of the mechanisms subserving colour coding in the fish retina. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 30, 559–566.
Tomita, T. (1976) Electrophysiological studies of retinal cell function. Invest. Ophthal. 15, 171–187.
Toyoda, J., Nosaki, H. & Tomita, T. (1969) Light-induced resistance changes in single photoreceptors of Necturus and Gekko. Vision Res. 9, 453–463.
Toyoda, J. I., Hashimoto, H. & Ohtsu, K. (1973) Bipolar amacrine transmission in the carp retina. Vision Res. 13, 295–307.
Trifonov, Y. A. (1968) Study of synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and horizontal cells by means of electric stimulation of the retina. Biophysika, Moscow 13, NS (In Russian).
Uga, S. & Smelser, G. K. (1973) Comparative study of the fine structure of retinal Müller cells in various vertebrates. Invest. Ophthal. 12, 434–448.
Werblin, F. S. & Dowling, J. E. (1969) Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. II. Intracellular recording. J. Neurophysiol. 32, 339–354.
Witkowsky, P. & Dowling, J. E. (1969) Synaptic relationships in the plexiform layer of the carp retina. Zeit. Zellforsch. 100, 60–82.
Yagi, T. (1986) Interaction between the soma and axon terminal of retinal horizontal cells in Cyprinus carpio. J. Physiol. 375, 121–135.
Yamagida, T. & Tomita, T. (1982) Local potassium concentration changes in the retina and the electroretinographic (ERG) b-wave. Brain Res. 237, 479–483.
Zanen, A. (1973) Contribution à l’étude électrophysiologique des mécanismes protorecepteurs de l’oeil normale. Thesis, Univ. Brussels.
Zanen, A. & Debecker, J. (1971) Visual pigments and melanin contributions to the fast photovoltage of the human eye. Vision Res. 11, 169–172.
Zanen, A. & Debecker, J. (1975) Wavelength sensitivity of the two components of the early receptor potential (ERP) of the human eye. Vision Res. 15, 107–112.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1990 Hugh Davson
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Davson, H. (1990). Electrophysiology of the Retina: Further Studies on Cold-Blooded Retina. In: Physiology of the Eye. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09997-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09997-9_11
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-09999-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-09997-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)