Abstract
Nineteenth- and twentieth-century Spain has been marked by great institutional and political instability. The invasion of the country by Napoleon in 1808 was followed by the collapse of the ancien régime absolutism of the Bourbon monarchy. In 1810 a parliament (Cortes) indirectly elected by all heads of household aged over 25 met in Cadiz. This broad franchise, with the voting age reduced to 21, was confirmed in the constitution of 1812, which provided for a constitutional monarchy. In 1814 the exiled King Ferdinand VII returned and restored the absolute monarchy. In 1820 the king was forced to reinstate the 1812 constitution by the army, but he was able to restore royal absolutism three years later with the help of a French army.
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© 1991 Thomas T. Mackie and Richard Rose
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Mackie, T.T., Rose, R. (1991). Spain. In: The International Almanac of Electoral History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09851-4_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09851-4_21
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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Online ISBN: 978-1-349-09851-4
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