Skip to main content

Geographical, genetic and environmental factors affecting drug disposition

  • Chapter
The Focus for Pharmaceutical Knowledge
  • 15 Accesses

Abstract

The disposition of drugs in man covers a wide variety of disparate areas. It includes the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs in or from the body. Absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract is affected by a wide variety of different factors including pH changes, the presence or absence of food, drugs and disease processes [1]. Distribution of drugs throughout the body is also affected by a number of factors such as other drugs and disease processes. However, in this brief review it is not proposed to cover these two major areas of pharmacokinetics. Instead, I will concentrate on the factors which affect drug metabolism and will cover briefly some aspects of drug elimination from the body.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Reference

  1. Orme M. Drug absorption in the gut. Br J Anaesth 1984;56:59–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brodie M J, Mcintosh M E, Hallworth M. Therapeutic drug monitoring—the need for audit. Scott Med J 1985;30:75–82.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Orme M. Plasma concentrations and therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drugs. Pharmacol Ther 1981;16:167–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Greaves J, Evans D A P, Gilles H M, et al. Plasma kinetics and urinary excretion of primaquine in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1980;10:399–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kromann N, Christiansen J, Flachs H, et al. Differences in single dose phenytoin kinetics between Greenland Eskimos and Danes. Ther Drug Monit 1981;3:239–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Tse J, Chan K, Jennings F, et al. Plasma concentrations of pethidine in Caucasian and Chinese subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;15:155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fotherby K, Akpoviroro J, Abdel-Rahman H A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ethinyloestradiol in women from different populations. Contraception 1981;23:489–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Weber W W, Hein D W. N-Acetylation pharmacogenetics. Am Soc Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985;37:25–79.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Karim A K M B, Elfellah M S, Evans D A P. Human acetylator polymorphism: estimate of allele frequency in Libya and details of global distribution. J Med Genet 1985;18:325–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Harada S, Agarwal D P, Goedde H W. Aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency as a cause of facial flushing reaction to alcohol in Japanese. Lancet 1981;II:982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Beutler E. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. In: Williams W J, Beutler E, Erslev A J, Lichtman M A, eds. Haematology, 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983;561–73.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eichelbaum M, Spannbrucker N, Steincke B, et al. Defective N-oxidation of sparteine in man. A new pharmacogenetic defect. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1979;16:183–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mahgoub A, Idle J R, Dring L G, et al. Polymorphic hydroxylation of debrisoquine in man. Lancet 1977;1:584–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jacqz E, Hall S D, Branch R A. Genetically determined polymorphisms in drug oxidation. Hepatology 1986;6:1020–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Vessel E S. Genetic and environmental factors affecting drug disposition in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977;22:659–79.

    Google Scholar 

  16. McVerry R M, Lethbridge J, Martin N, et al. Pharmacokinetics of naproxen in elderly subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1986;31:463–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Levi F, Le Louarn C, Reinberg A. Timing optimizes sustained release indomethacin treatment of osteoarthritis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1985;37:77–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Richardson C J, Blocka K L N, Ross S G, et al. Effects of age and sex on Piroxicam disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1985;37:13–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Greenblatt D J, Matilis R, Scavone J M, et al. Oxaprozin pharmacokinetics in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985;19:373–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Rubin P C. Prescribing in pregnancy. General principles. Br Med J 1986;293:1415–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Roberts R K, Desmond P V, Schenker S. Drug prescribing in hepatobiliary disease. Drugs 1979;17:198–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Saenger P, Rifkind A B, New M I. Changes in drug metabolism in children with thyroid disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976;42:155–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Alvares A P. Interactions between environmental chemicals and drug biotrans-formation in man. In: Gibaldi M, Prescott L, eds. Handbook of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Sydney: Adis Press, 1983;200–15 (section II).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Park B K, Breckenridge A M. Clinical implications of enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition. In: Gibaldi M, Prescott L, eds. Handbook of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Sydney: Adis Press, 1983; 243–66 (section II).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1988 The International Federation of Associations of Pharmaceutical Physicians

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Orme, M. (1988). Geographical, genetic and environmental factors affecting drug disposition. In: Burley, D., Haward, C., Mullinger, B. (eds) The Focus for Pharmaceutical Knowledge. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09571-1_26

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics